Coastal Profile for Tanzania Mainland 2014 Thematic Volume I Including Threats Prioritisation Investment Prioritisation for Resilient Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Coastal Zones of Tanzania List of Contents List of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ xi List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... xiii Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................. xvii Table of Units ......................................................................................................................................... xxi 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 Coastal Areas ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Vulnerable Areas under Pressure ....................................................................................................................... 1 Tanzania.............................................................................................................................................................. 1 The Project ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Partners ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Phases and Activities .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Schedule .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Coastal Profile ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Presentation of the Coastal Profile ...................................................................................................................... 4 Threats Prioritisation ........................................................................................................................... 5 Process................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Threats Prioritisation Methodology Brief ........................................................................................................... 6 Overall Threats Prioritisation Outcome ............................................................................................................. 7 2 COASTAL COMMUNITIES ......................................................................................................... 26 Introduction: ....................................................................................................................................... 26 The context .......................................................................................................................................... 26 Settlements and administrative description ...................................................................................................... 26 The economy ...................................................................................................................................................... 27 Population and other demographic aspects ....................................................................................................... 27 Household well-being and access to basic amenities ......................................................................................... 28 Livelihood activities ........................................................................................................................... 29 Fisheries ............................................................................................................................................................ 29 Agriculture: crops and livestock keeping .......................................................................................................... 31 Tourism ............................................................................................................................................................. 32 Coastal Mining: ................................................................................................................................................ 32 Other sectors supporting coastal livelihoods ................................................................................. 33 Land and land use patterns ............................................................................................................................... 33 Coastal forests and mangroves .......................................................................................................................... 33 The extractive industry ..................................................................................................................................... 34 Women and gender issues ................................................................................................................ 34 Management programmes impacting on livelihoods ................................................................... 35 Implications to Climate Change effects .......................................................................................... 35 Summary of climate change impacts..................................................................................................... 36 Vulnerability and mitigation ................................................................................................................ 36 Economic costs of climate change ......................................................................................................... 37 Adaptive capacity of communities ........................................................................................................ 38 Issues Emerging ................................................................................................................................. 38 3 COASTAL FISHERY ...................................................................................................................... 41 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 41 iii Management of the Fishery Sector .................................................................................................. 41 Description of the Fishery Resource and its Use ........................................................................... 42 Fishery Types and Fishing Grounds ................................................................................................................. 42 Fishing Effort and Yields .................................................................................................................................. 43 Status of the Fishery .......................................................................................................................................... 43 Major issues ...................................................................................................................................................... 44 Economic Importance of the Fishery ............................................................................................... 44 Finfish Fishery Revenue .................................................................................................................................... 44 Overall Fishery and Seaweed Exports............................................................................................................... 44 Socio-economic Importance of Fisheries ......................................................................................... 45 Finfish and Invertebrate Fisheries ..................................................................................................................... 45 Sea Weed Farming ............................................................................................................................................ 45 Mariculture ....................................................................................................................................................... 45 Threats to Coastal Communities Relying on Fisheries for their Livelihoods ............................ 45 CRIAM Ranking of Threats to Local Communities associated with Fisheries ......................... 47 Vulnerability to Climate, Climate Variability and Climate Change ........................................... 49 Outlook for Fisheries 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