Aquatic Ecology Series Stefan Schmutz Jan Sendzimir Editors Riverine Ecosystem Management Science for Governing Towards a Sustainable Future Aquatic Ecology Series Volume 8 Editor Jef Huisman Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5637 Stefan Schmutz • Jan Sendzimir Editors Riverine Ecosystem Management Science for Governing Towards a Sustainable Future Editors Stefan Schmutz Jan Sendzimir BOKU - University of Natural Resources BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences and Life Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG) Ecosystem Management (IHG) Vienna, Austria Vienna, Austria Aquatic Ecology Series ISBN 978-3-319-73249-7 ISBN 978-3-319-73250-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73250-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018939904 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author (s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents 1 Challenges in Riverine Ecosystem Management ............... 1 Jan Sendzimir and Stefan Schmutz Part I Human Impacts, Mitigation and Restoration 2 Historic Milestones of Human River Uses and Ecological Impacts .............................................. 19 Gertrud Haidvogl 3 River Morphology, Channelization, and Habitat Restoration ..... 41 Severin Hohensinner, Christoph Hauer, and Susanne Muhar 4 River Hydrology, Flow Alteration, and Environmental Flow ...... 67 Bernhard Zeiringer, Carina Seliger, Franz Greimel, and Stefan Schmutz 5 Hydropeaking Impacts and Mitigation ...................... 91 Franz Greimel, Lisa Schülting, Wolfram Graf, Elisabeth Bondar-Kunze, Stefan Auer, Bernhard Zeiringer, and Christoph Hauer 6 Dams: Ecological Impacts and Management .................. 111 Stefan Schmutz and Otto Moog 7 Aquatic Habitat Modeling in Running Waters ................ 129 Andreas Melcher, Christoph Hauer, and Bernhard Zeiringer 8 The Role of Sediment and Sediment Dynamics in the Aquatic Environment .......................................... 151 Christoph Hauer, Patrick Leitner, Günther Unfer, Ulrich Pulg, Helmut Habersack, and Wolfram Graf 9 River Connectivity, Habitat Fragmentation and Related Restoration Measures ................................... 171 Carina Seliger and Bernhard Zeiringer v vi Contents 10 Phosphorus and Nitrogen Dynamics in Riverine Systems: Human Impacts and Management Options ................... 187 Gabriele Weigelhofer, Thomas Hein, and Elisabeth Bondar-Kunze 11 Climate Change Impacts in Riverine Ecosystems .............. 203 Florian Pletterbauer, Andreas Melcher, and Wolfram Graf 12 Ecotoxicology ......................................... 225 Ralf B. Schäfer and Mirco Bundschuh 13 Land Use ............................................. 241 Clemens Trautwein and Florian Pletterbauer 14 Recreational Fisheries: The Need for Sustainability in Fisheries Management of Alpine Rivers ................... 253 Günther Unfer and Kurt Pinter Part II Management, Methodologies, Governance 15 Restoration in Integrated River Basin Management ............ 273 Susanne Muhar, Jan Sendzimir, Mathias Jungwirth, and Severin Hohensinner 16 Adaptive Management of Riverine Socio-ecological Systems ...... 301 Jan Sendzimir, Piotr Magnuszewski, and Lance Gunderson 17 Legislative Framework for River Ecosystem Management on International and European Level ....................... 325 Edith Hödl 18 Ensuring Long-Term Cooperation Over Transboundary Water Resources Through Joint River Basin Management ....... 347 Susanne Schmeier and Birgit Vogel 19 Biomonitoring and Bioassessment .......................... 371 Otto Moog, Stefan Schmutz, and Ilse Schwarzinger 20 Biodiversity and Freshwater Information Systems ............. 391 Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber and Aaike De Wever 21 Ecosystem Services in River Landscapes ..................... 413 Kerstin Böck, Renate Polt, and Lisa Schülting 22 Public Participation and Environmental Education ............. 435 Michaela Poppe, Gabriele Weigelhofer, and Gerold Winkler 23 NGOs in Freshwater Resource Management .................. 459 Christoph Litschauer, Christoph Walder, Irene Lucius, Sigrid Scheikl, S. V. Suresh Babu, and Archana Nirmal Kumar Contents vii Part III Case Studies 24 Danube Under Pressure: Hydropower Rules the Fish ........... 473 Herwig Waidbacher, Silke-Silvia Drexler, and Paul Meulenbroek 25 Danube Floodplain Lobau ................................ 491 Stefan Preiner, Gabriele Weigelhofer, Andrea Funk, Severin Hohensinner, Walter Reckendorfer, Friedrich Schiemer, and Thomas Hein 26 Danube Sturgeons: Past and Future ........................ 507 Thomas Friedrich 27 Healthy Fisheries Sustain Society and Ecology in Burkina Faso ... 519 Andreas Melcher, Raymond Ouédraogo, Otto Moog, Gabriele Slezak, Moumini Savadogo, and Jan Sendzimir 28 The Tisza River: Managing a Lowland River in the Carpathian Basin ................................................ 541 Béla Borsos and Jan Sendzimir Part IV Summary 29 Landmarks, Advances, and Future Challenges in Riverine Ecosystem Management ................................. 563 Stefan Schmutz, Thomas Hein, and Jan Sendzimir Chapter 1 Challenges in Riverine Ecosystem Management Jan Sendzimir and Stefan Schmutz This book is dedicated to those interested in the natural and social sciences and elements of governance that will support the sustainable management of rivers and aquatic ecosystems. Since elements of nature and society interact to determine the integrity and trajectory of these systems, they are referred to hereafter as social- ecological systems (SESs). This introduction opens the door to these topics in four steps. It begins by explaining why a book dedicated to river management and science is needed at this point. In the second part, it outlines the history of some of the major developments that challenge the integrity of SESs worldwide. In the third part, it describes several of the principal tools used to study as well as manage SES. Tools to measure the degree of degradation of an SES include indicators of biological integrity, ecosystem health, and resilience. Tools to assess and manage the trajectory of an SES include the DPSIR and adaptive management. The introduction closes by outlining the structure of the book through the progression of its chapters. 1.1 Justification of Book Rivers are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world. For more than a century, river science has evolved to define these threatening trends and the mech- anisms that cause them. What has emerged, while still incomplete, is a picture of imposing complexity, especially for managers, policy makers, and any concerned citizens interested in addressing these threats. This book surveys the frontier of scientific research and provides examples to guide management toward a sustainable future of riverine ecosystems. Principal structures and functions of the biogeosphere J. Sendzimir (*) · S. Schmutz Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © The Author(s) 2018 1 S. Schmutz, J. Sendzimir (eds.), Riverine Ecosystem Management, Aquatic Ecology Series 8, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73250-3_1 2 J. Sendzimir and S. Schmutz of rivers are explained; key threats are identified, and effective options for restoration and mitigation are provided. Rivers increasingly suffer from pollution, water abstraction, river channelization, and damming. Fundamental knowledge of ecosystem structure and function is necessary to understand how human activities interfere with natural processes and what interventions