NJ Adventure Chapter 4 An English Colony John Cabot (p. 60) – claimed the land for England - 1497 Henry Hudson – (p. 60) claimed the land for Holland – about 1600 King Charles – (p. 61) King of England Duke of York – (p. 61) brother of King Charles; given “New Netherland” colony by his brother Richard Nicolls – (p. 61) – friend of Duke of York; sent with four ships and soldiers to New Netherland to be prepared for a fight for land Peter Stuyvesant – (p. 61) – Dutch (Holland) leader; left with army after they surrendered the land to England Empire: a group of countries under one ruler (p. 60) Settlers Come for Land Sacrifice: something you give up in order to have something else (p. 61) Albania = New Jersey (p. 61) Entice: to tempt or lead on; to convince (p. 61) Nicolls convinces settlers to come by telling them they can buy land cheaply and create their own laws. Fertile: allowing lots of things to grow The Native Americans were given things in exchange for their land. They did not realize that they were selling it. They thought they were sharing it. Proprietors: owners (p. 62) Sir George Carteret = East NJ (p. 62) Lord John Berkeley = West NJ (p. 62) Govern: to rule or control by setting up laws George and John sent Phillip Carteret (George’s cousin) to govern the land since they didn’t want to leave England. Nicolls – annoyed – writes letter to Duke; gets Staten Island instead P. Carteret – allows people to make their own laws and practice their own religion (p. 63) Assembly: a group that comes together to make laws Tax: money the people give to the government in order to pay for services Name of Group Where they Reasons for settled in New coming to New Jersey Jersey Dutch Bergen and Wanted more Somerset land for farming Counties Scotch-Irish Somerset, Very high taxes Morris, and to pay Sussex Counties German Hunterdon and Farmland; Sussex Counties Moravians came for religious freedom French All counties Huguenots – were being put in prison and killed for religious beliefs English and Southern Religious beliefs Others counties Name of Where did Where did What Group they come they settle? makes this from? group unique? Puritans England Started a town Wanted to along Passaic River- Newark change the with the help of Church of Robert Treat; also England by Woodbridge and Piscataway staying within it Separatists England Massachusetts Became Pilgrims – thought Church of England couldn’t be changed – wanted to separate from it Moravians Germany Hope Shared Elizabeth Christian beliefs Shrewsbury with the Native Middletown Americans, and a.k.a. many became Elizabethtown Christians Quakers England Pennsylvania Believed in basic human and western goodness of NJ – every person – Greenwich created own rules – and Salem Concessions and Agreement What do all of the above groups have in common? All of the groups above shared something in common. They all came from Europe, and they all came here for the same reason: religious freedom. Freight: a load with goods for transportation; cargo Descendants: ancestry or family line West New Jersey East New Jersey Owned by Quakers Owned and controlled by Sir George Carteret Burlington was the When Carteret died – capital William Penn, Quakers, and Purchased East New people from Scotland purchased the land from Jersey eventually proprietors in 1682 – caused People lived on large conflict over property, rent, and taxes farms that were far People preferred to live in apart little towns Perth Amboy became the capital after Carteret died Royal: having to do with a king or queen A Royal Colony: Queen Anne of England became governor of New Jersey, and brings the colony together as a royal colony – no East and West NJ anymore (p. 70) The Great Awakening: During the 1740s, many people became very religious. They started to become interested in other religions rather than the Church of England. Rivals: competitors; people who try to outdo each other Allies: a group of people working with another group for a common cause What two groups fought in the French and Indian War? The two groups that fought in the French and Indian War were the British and the French. The Indians were allies for both and fought for both sides. What were the groups fighting over? The French and the British were fighting over more land. Both sides wanted to be the most powerful in the New World. The biggest empire = most land = more money. What was the outcome of the war? The outcome of the war was that Great Britain got control of Canada and the land between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River. They were now the most powerful country in the world. Barracks: a building or group of buildings where soldiers live William Franklin = last royal governor of NJ Lewis Morris – 1st governor of NJ Review Questions 1. The English were attracted to the New World. I know this because they wanted more natural resources, better trading, and to start new colonies. 2. The European country that settled in New Netherland was England. 3. The English felt they had the right to the colonies between Massachusetts and Virginia. I know this because John Cabot had claimed the region for England over 100 years before Henry Hudson claimed it for Holland. 4. The English took over the colony of New Netherland when Richard Nicolls and four ships of soldiers were sent there to take the land. Peter Stuyvesant, the Dutch leader, surrendered peacefully. 5. Richard Nicolls plan to get people to settle in Albania was to entice them to come. He told them they can buy land for a cheap price, and have more freedom to make their own laws. 6. Philip Carteret replaced Nicolls as governor of Albania. His special announcement to the settlers was that they could practice their religion of choice and make their own laws. He also told them that they had to pay property tax. 7. Queen Anne of England united the colony of New Jersey. 8. The reason the people of NJ want their own governor is because a shared governor couldn’t give the needed attention to the colony. 9. The main reason for the French and Indian War was land. 10. The last royal governor in the colony of Ney Jersey was William Franklin .