Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com SMC Systems Engineering PRIMER & HANDBOOK Concepts, Processes and Techniques Space & Missile Systems Center U.S. Air Force Volume 1 4th Edition 11 March 2013 Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com SMC Systems Engineering Concepts, Processes and Techniques Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com ii SMC Systems Engineering Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com SMC Systems Engineering iii Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................. ix List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................. xi Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... xiii Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ xiv 1 Systems Engineering Primer .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 System Definition .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 System Elements................................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Space Systems ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 Space Segment ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Launch Segment ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.3 Ground and User Segments ...................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Uniqueness of Space Segment ........................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 The Space Environment ........................................................................................................... 3 1.4.2 Unattended Operation .............................................................................................................. 3 1.4.3 The ultimate High Ground ....................................................................................................... 3 1.5 System of Systems ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.5.1 Essential Characteristics of SoS ............................................................................................... 4 1.5.2 SMC Space Portfolio in SoS Environment .............................................................................. 5 1.6 Systems Engineering ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.6.1 Extended Role of SoS Engineering .......................................................................................... 6 1.6.2 Useful SE Concepts and Definitions ........................................................................................ 6 1.6.3 SE Models ...............................................................................................................................16 1.7 DoD System Acquisition Program ...................................................................................................22 1.7.1 DoD System Acquisition Processes ........................................................................................23 1.7.2 Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) Process .............................23 1.7.3 The Defense Acquisition System (DAS) Process ...................................................................24 1.7.4 The Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Process ..............................24 1.7.5 Interaction Between JCIDS, DAS, and PPBE Processes ........................................................25 1.8 Early Systems Engineering and Program Foundation ......................................................................25 1.8.1 Requirements Analysis............................................................................................................27 1.8.2 Architecture and Design Concept ...........................................................................................28 1.8.3 Assessment and Synthesis .......................................................................................................28 1.8.4 Verification and Validation .....................................................................................................29 1.8.5 SE Management Process: System Analysis and Control ........................................................29 1.8.6 Concept for Further Development...........................................................................................31 1.9 SE Process: System Development and Design .................................................................................31 1.9.1 Requirements Baseline ............................................................................................................32 Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com iv SMC Systems Engineering 1.9.2 Functional Architecture and Allocated Baseline .................................................................... 32 1.9.3 The Allocated Baseline .......................................................................................................... 35 1.9.4 The Design Baseline ............................................................................................................... 35 1.9.5 The Product Baseline .............................................................................................................. 36 1.9.6 Verification and Validation .................................................................................................... 39 1.9.7 SE Management Process ........................................................................................................ 40 1.10 Software Systems Engineering.................................................................................................... 40 1.11 System Engineer’s Tools ............................................................................................................. 41 1.12 Specialty Engineering Disciplines .............................................................................................. 41 2 Systems Engineering Process ............................................................................................................... 43 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 43 2.2 Early Systems Engineering Process: JCIDS Capabilities-Based Approach ..................................... 43 2.2.1 Joint DOTMLPF Change Recommendation (DCR) ............................................................... 46 2.2.2 Joint Urgent Operational Need (JUON) or Joint Emergent Operational Need (JEON) ......... 46 2.2.3 Initial Capabilities Document (ICD) ...................................................................................... 46 2.2.4 Capability Development Document (CDD) ........................................................................... 46 2.2.5 Capability Production Document (CPD) ................................................................................ 47 2.3 Systems Engineering Process........................................................................................................... 47 2.3.1 SE Process Inputs ................................................................................................................... 51 2.3.2 Requirements Analysis and Validation .................................................................................. 52 2.3.3 Functional Analysis, Allocation, and Validation .................................................................... 55 2.3.4 Design Solutions (Synthesis) .................................................................................................. 60 2.3.5 Implementation ....................................................................................................................... 63 2.3.6 Integration .............................................................................................................................. 63 2.3.7 Verification and Validation .................................................................................................... 63 2.3.8 Deployment, Sustainment, and Disposal ................................................................................ 64 2.3.9 SE Technical Management Process ........................................................................................ 64 3 DoD Space Systems Acquisition Life Cycle ........................................................................................ 69 3.1 The