Technical Technical Appendix WI ord Region ord Authors: Kyle Pimental Elizabeth Durfee Christa McGaha Adopted January 2015 Local the Straff Solutions for Water Infrastructure Water Water Economic Environment, EnergyEnergy Climate Change Emergency Scenario Outreach & Housing TransportaTransporta on on EnvironmentRecrea on Scenario Outreach & Infrastructure Development Effi Eciencyffi ciency ChangeImpacts & Management Planning PlanningEngagementEngagement & Land Use Adapta on Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Vision ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Executive Summary & Existing Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 3 Protecting Water Resources .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Background ................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Point Source Pollution ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 Wastewater Treatment Facilities .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Inventory of Point Sources .................................................................................................................................................... 6 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Water Permit Program in New England ...................................... 7 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Requirements [NPDES – Phase 1] ................................................. 7 Non‐Point Source Pollution ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 Calculating Nitrogen ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Requirements [NPDES‐Phase 2] ..................................................... 11 NPDES Phase II Automatically Designated MS4 Areas in the Region ......................................................................... 12 Stormwater Runoff .................................................................................................................................................................. 13 Regulatory Programs ........................................................................................................................................................... 13 Stormwater Utilities ............................................................................................................................................................. 14 Stormwater Management ................................................................................................................................................... 15 Public Education, Resources, and Outreach Materials ................................................................................................... 16 Impervious Surfaces Impacts and Coverage Datasets .................................................................................................... 17 Community Planning Efforts and Regional Initiatives ................................................................................................... 20 Erosion and Sedimentation ..................................................................................................................................................... 22 Road Salt and Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................ 23 Aboveground Storage Tanks .............................................................................................................................................. 26 Underground Storage Tanks .............................................................................................................................................. 28 Hazardous Waste Generators ............................................................................................................................................. 30 Water Resource Protection Measures .................................................................................................................................... 35 Local Ordinances, Overlay Districts, & Conservation Measures ................................................................................... 35 Drinking Water Protection .................................................................................................................................................. 38 Groundwater Protection ..................................................................................................................................................... 38 State Rules and Regulations ................................................................................................................................................... 42 Public Drinking Water ................................................................................................................................................................ 43 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Drinking Water Sources .......................................................................................................................................................... 45 Surface Water Sources ......................................................................................................................................................... 46 Groundwater Sources .......................................................................................................................................................... 46 Municipal Drinking Water Supply Distribution Systems .................................................................................................. 51 Public Water Supply Systems ............................................................................................................................................. 51 Additional Withdrawal from Region ................................................................................................................................ 55 Drinking Water Quality ...................................................................................................................................................... 55 Private Water Supply Systems ........................................................................................................................................... 57 Future Municipal Drinking Water Supplies ......................................................................................................................... 57 Groundwater Source Investigations .................................................................................................................................. 57 Recharge Projects ................................................................................................................................................................. 58 Interconnectivity Study ....................................................................................................................................................... 58 Projections of Demand ............................................................................................................................................................ 61 Future Variables ....................................................................................................................................................................... 62 Asset Management .................................................................................................................................................................. 63 Drinking Water Systems and Climate Change .................................................................................................................... 63 Wastewater Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................................................... 65 Existing Wastewater infrastructure ....................................................................................................................................... 66 Wastewater Treatment Plants 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