Security Council San Ignacio Model United Nations 2011 Guia General SC Distinguidos Delegados: En nombre del Colegio San Ignacio y el comité organizador de SIMUN 2011, les doy una cordial bienvenida a la V edición del San Ignacio Model of United Nations. Es para el Colegio San Ignacio y para mi persona un gran honor el poder realizar este evento que espero llene sus expectativas, ayude a su formación académica y contribuya a formar la consciencia necesaria para poder actuar e involucrarnos con una realidad que día a día nos golpea, es nuestro deber como jóvenes fomentar el cambio y hacer lo que podamos para alcanzar la paz y la felicidad de Venezuela. Actualmente es imposible ignorar la diversidad de problemas y situaciones que se presentan en Venezuela, el ambiente de hostilidad y de miseria es cada vez mayor y los venezolanos comienzan a perder las esperanzas de seguir luchando por lo que creen, es ahora que debemos de estar más unidos y ser más tolerantes con los otros, vamos a poner en practica la diplomacia y las herramientas que se nos han dado a lo largo de nuestra experiencia en los modelos de Naciones Unidas, estamos llamados a ir más allá de las barreras y a construir un país que corresponda a un sueño común. Comencemos a ser libres y jamás permitamos que otros nos impidan expresarnos, tomar el derecho de palabra Ser líderes incluyentes y que aprenden a negociar de una manera justa y humana es el sentido más profundo de los modelos. Tenemos el futuro del mundo en nuestras manos, una nueva comunidad de hombres es posible, está en nosotros hacerla realidad. Me despido entonces dejándoles un gran mensaje, como decía Billy Wilder, “Recuerda que eres tan bueno como lo mejor que hayas hecho en tu vida.” Así pues delegados, les invito a dar lo mejor de ustedes y a prepararse para ser el cambio que el mundo necesita, Muchas gracias por asumir el compromiso y aceptar el reto de delegar en nuestros comités de trabajo en esta nueva edición de SIMUN 2011. “En todo amar y Servir” Andrea Constanza Hernández Secretaria General SiMUN 2011 San Ignacio Model United Nations 2011 Guia General SC Dear Delegates, My name is Diego Mujica, and will be the president of the United Nations Security Council for the 2011 San Ignacio Model of United Nations. I am in senior year at the San Ignacio School. I find very interesting all what happens in the world we live in, and I greatly enjoy the experience of models UN experience. I am very excited for our committee this year. I chose these two topics because I found them very interesting. We are addressing the situation in the Koreas and the different issues of the use of outer space; the last incident between the Koreas, one of the many, is that on November 23, 2010 North Korea fired artillery to the Yeonpyeong Islands, resulting in 2 marines and 2 civilian’s death. This topic will be very interesting to discuss because you can take from very different points of view. The second topic is about the different uses of outer space, this topic will mainly focus on crisis because recently there hasn’t been any big news about it, so be prepared to have many crises during the conference. My team has greatly enjoyed researching for this topic because both of them are really interesting. I hope to meet you all during the model. With nothing more to say Your president, Diego Mujica. San Ignacio Model United Nations 2011 Guia General SC Background of the Committee: Topic A: The Situation in Korea. The Security Council has the responsibility of the maintenance of international peace and security. Statement of the Problem It is organized to work continuously and a representative of each of its members must be There have been various conflicts in Korea for a always present at United Nations. long time. The cause of these problems is the land that has been split in 2 different countries for Its powers include: the establishment of many years. Nowadays, it is divided by the 38th peacekeeping operations, the establishment of parallel. The North and South parts have had lots international sanctions, and the authorization of of conflicts, which were the cause of a war in military actions. 1950. There have been incidents recently that have The Security Council has 15 members, consisting brought not only tension but the international of 5 veto-wielding permanent members who are: attention to what it is happening, due to the China, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, the alliances between North and South with other United States, and 10 elected non-permanent countries. members with a two-year term. When there is a threat to peace, the first action is usually to recommend the parties to try to reach an agreement using peaceful means. The Council itself sometimes undertakes investigation and mediation. The Council may decide on enforcement measures, economic sanctions or collective military action if necessary. Sometimes, the Council has issued cease-fire directives which have been important in preventing wider hostilities. It also sends United Nations forces of peace-keeping to help reduce History of the Problem tensions in areas with trouble, keep opposing forces apart and create conditions of calm. A State By 1910, due to Japan’s victory in the Russo- (Part of the UN but not of the Security Council) Japanese war, Korea became part of Its Empire may participate, without voting, in its discussions until 1945, at the end of World War II, when Japan when the Council considers that that country's formally surrendered. It would go to the allies, yet interests are affected. in the Potsdam Conference; they decided to split San Ignacio Model United Nations 2011 Guia General SC Japan along the 38th parallel. The north part was clashes. It is also known as the Korean Second War ruled by the Soviets and the south part by the which there was 397 soldiers killed. Americans. In 1946 the north established a provisional government. In 1947 the UN tried to In 1970, Five South Korean soldiers were wounded pass a resolution in which these countries should and three North Korean infiltrators were killed. have their own elections. However, this resolution By 1974, there were a series of infiltration tunnels did not pass due to the veto power of the Soviet under the DMZ. The first one was found that year Union. and a second one was found the following year. In Finally, in 1948, there were elections in the south, 1976 more infiltrators were killed alongside and the Soviet troops retired from the north. South`s soldiers. This same year, in the Axe Murder incident, two U.S. soldiers were killed, The Korean War started in 1950, when troops alongside other South Korean soldiers. This took from the north passed the 38th parallel and place in the neutral zone of the Joint Security invaded the south. As a response, the south Area. destroyed a bridge to stop the army from moving in 1978, a third infiltration tunnel was discovered. south. This war continued for 3 years, until finally The next year, three North Korean infiltrators an armistice was agreed and the north was were spotted trying to infiltrate the DMZ, where separated from the south by the 38th parallel. one of them was killed. This division was a Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), a separation of 4 km wide and 250 km long. This war is also considered part of the Cold War due to the intervention of the Americans and the Soviets, each helping one side. Three Infiltrators from North Korea were killed trying to enter the south on March, 1980. The following year, three infiltrators were spotted, only one was killed. Similar Incidents with North When the Armistice was signed, the sea was Korean infiltrators spotted and killed occurred in delimited by a northern Limit Line, which 1981 and in 1982.On March, 1990, more separated the north from the south. infiltration tunnels were found, 17 in total. At Cheorwon, Gang won-do, three Infiltrators Then in 1966 the Korean DMZ conflict started and from the north disguised in South Korean ended in 1969. There were low leveled armed San Ignacio Model United Nations 2011 Guia General SC uniforms were killed, there were also wounded from the South. This happened in May, 1992. In 1996, there was a violation of the Korean armistice agreement when several hundred armed troops from North Korea entered the Joint Security Area. A few days later, seven soldiers crossed the DMZ, but when the South Korean troops fired at them, they withdrew. In 1997 five North Korean soldiers crossed the military demarcation line and fired at South Korean positions. Later that year more soldiers crossed the demarcation line from the North and there was an exchange of heavy gunfire for 23 minutes. One of the most recent incidents is the sinking of In 1999 North Korean patrol boats and torpedo the Cheonan, in which a boats crossed the maritime border. When South South Korean submarine broke in two parts and Korea patrol boats approached, the North opened sunk. There are 46 missing fire and so did the South. North Korea lost a bodies, presumably dead. This occurred in the torpedo boat, and 30 sailors; 5 patrol boats were Yellow Sea near the Baengnyeon Island. damaged and 70 sailors were wounded. One corvette was damaged from South Korea. After The first accusation made was that North Korea this , negotiations started. This is also considered had done it.