GLOSSARY Aliyah Jewish immigration to Israel Am Yisrael The People of Israel, or the Jewish people Ashkenazi A Jew from Central or Eastern European extraction and an adjective for Jewish traits, customs or rituals of these origins Chevra kedusha Communitarian association that deals with burials Avoda Zara Non Jewish practices Bar Mitzvah Rite of passage, observed at age thirteen for boys and at age twelve for girls Bima The pulpit in the synagogue Castilian ( Judeo-espanyol) Spanish language, originally referring to the region of Castilla, in Spain Converso (Spanish) Jews converted to Christendom Crisol de razas (Spanish) melting pot Dayanim Judges in rabbinical courts Dio ( Judeo-espanyol) the one single God Dios (Spanish) God Drom-a-marrokai Moroccan people of Arab origins living in Israel Drom-amerikai Latin American people living in Israel Edot ha-mizrach Oriental Jewish communities originating in the Middle East Eretz Israel Land of Israel, the Biblical Canaan or the historical Palestine État juif (French) Jewish State Etát-nation (French) Nation-State Galeria (Spanish) shopping mall Galut Jewish exile Gaucho (Spanish) inhabitant of the rural area in Argentina Gauchos Judíos (Spanish) Jewish gauchos Gemeinschaft (German) community Geula Salvation of the Jew and the world Golah Diaspora Golus (Yiddish) Diaspora LLIWERANT_f24_397-402.inddIWERANT_f24_397-402.indd 339797 22/13/2008/13/2008 111:52:001:52:00 AAMM 398 glossary Gush Emunim ‘The Block of the Faithful’. Israeli political religious movement that encouraged the Jewish settlements in the Occupied Territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip Habad Hassids Also known as Habad Lubavitch, it is one of the largest branches of Hasidic Judaism, especially in the United States. “Habad” is a Hebrew acro- nym for Hohmah, Binah, Daxat, meaning ‘wisdom’, ‘understanding’ and ‘knowledge’ Hachaim ve-hadat Life and religion Halacha The Jewish religious laws Halachic State A State based on religious laws, instead of civil laws Halal meat (Arabic) “permissible”; anything that is permissible under Islam. Most frequently it refers to food Hakitia Extinguished Jewish-Moroccan language, also known as Ladino Occidental, which was spoken by Sephardic communities Hanukka Jewish festivity, also known as Festival of Lights, that commemorates the victory of the Maccabees over the Seleucid Empire (Second Century B.C.) Haredim Ultra-Orthodox Jews Haredi party Ultra-Orthodox Israeli political party, which is called Agudat Israel The Haredi Council The supreme rabbinical council in charge of policy making two of the major Ashkenazi Haredi political groups in Israel: Degel Ha Torah and Agudat Israel Hatikva The Israeli national anthem Heim (German) Motherland Interior (Spanish) the provinces outside the capital city Israelita (Spanish) Jew Idioma castellano (Spanish) the Spanish language Judeo-espanyol (Spanish) also known as Ladino, old Spanish Judaic language primarily spoken by Sephardic communities Juntas (Spanish) the military governments during the dictatorships in South America Judenstaat (German) Jewish State. It is the title of the main work by the founder of political Zionism, Theodor Herzl LLIWERANT_f24_397-402.inddIWERANT_f24_397-402.indd 339898 22/13/2008/13/2008 111:52:001:52:00 AAMM.