CERN 95-01 20 January 1995 ORGANISATION EUROPÉENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLÉAIRE CERN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH 1994 CERN SCHOOL OF COMPUTING Sopron, Hungary 28 August-10 September 1994 PROCEEDINGS Editors: CE. Vandoni, C. Verkerk GENEVA 1995 pour tous les pays du mande. Ce docu ment (K; all countries of the world. This report-, or peut être reproduit OU traduit on tout oïl en any part of it, may not be reprinted ox trans­ partie Sttnà l'autorisation écrite du Directeur lated without written pcrmisaion of the copy­ p.c:ncr»| du CEFUV, titulaire dn droit d'autour. right holder, the Director-General of CER.N. Dan» lea cas appropriés, cl s'il s'agit d'utiliser I In we via-, permission will be freely granted for le document, à dos fins non commerciales, cette appropriate non-comrnereja| use- autorisation ser* volontiers accordée. If any patentable invention or registrable Le CER.N ne revendique pad la propriété des design is described in the report, GERN makes inventions brcvetables et dessins ou modèles no claim to property rights in it but offers it susceptibles de dépôt qui pourraient elfe for the free use of research institutions, man­ décrits dans le présent di>cu ment; ceux-ci peu­ ufacturer» and others. CERN, however, mety vent être librement utilisés par les instituts de oppose any attempt by a user to C-I&iln any recherche, les industriels et autres intéireaBéfi. proprietary or patent rights in such inventions Cependant, le CERN se réserve te droit de or designs as may be described In the present s'opposer à toute revendication qu'un usager document. pourrait faire de la propriété scientifique ou industrielle de toute invention et tout dessin ou modèle déerita dariH le présent document. tssN oatM-aaa* ISBN 92.9D&3-069-? CERN 95-01 20 January 1995 ORGANISATION EUROPÉENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLÉAIRE CERN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH 1994 CERN SCHOOL OF COMPUTING Soprort, Hungary 28 August-10 September 1994 PROCEEDINGS Eds. CE. Vandoni, C. Verkerk GENEVA 1995 CERN-Service d'information scientifique-RD/938-1500-janvier 1995 Abstract These Proceedings contain a written account of the majority of the lectures given at the 1994 CERN School of Computing. A number of lectures dealt with general aspects of computing, in particular in the areas of high performance computing in embedded systems, distributed and heterogeneous computing, multimedia information systems and on the impact of computing on High Energy Physics. Modelling and Simulation were treated with emphasis on Statistical and High Energy Physics, and a simulation package (GEANT) and its future development were presented in detail. Hardware aspects were presented, in particular in the areas of massively parallel associative string processors, CISC vs RISC processor architectures, and a summary of an analogic supercomputer chip architecture was given. The software development process and associated technologies were the subject of full presentations. Software for Data Acquisition Systems was discussed in a number of lectures. We also reproduce, as an appendix, a set of self-explanatory transparencies used by one lecturer in a particularly detailed presentation of this subject. The HI trigger system was presented in detail. Finally, lectures were given on a parallel program supervisor and parallel language processing generation. Preface The seventeenth CERN School of Computing took place in Sopron, Hungary, from 28 August to 10 September, 1994, and brought together twenty-one lecturers and forty-eight students from twelve different countries. The School was organised in collaboration with the KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics in Budapest. The organisers are very grateful to Dr. G. Turchanyi for having taken the initiative to organise the School in Hungary. Drs. K. Szegô and M. Zimanyi were very active in the local organisation of the School and we express our warmest thanks for their invaluable contribution to the success of the School. A generous grant was received from the European Union via the Phare contract (H9112-0248) established between KFKI and the National Committee for Technological Development (OMFB). We are very grateful to His Excellency E. Pungor for his interest and support and to his assistant Mr. L. Nyiri for his presentation at the School. We are also indebted to Dr. M. Reeve from the European Union for his very interesting lecture. The lecture programme (47 one-hour lectures, supplemented by exercises) was again varied and greatly appreciated by the participants. AH lecturers are sincerely thanked for their efforts in preparing and delivering their lectures, for providing written accounts of their presentations, and for their availability for discussion with the students. The lecture programme was complemented by excellent introductions to software design methods and tools, followed by very demanding practical work. Most of the students tackled the practical exercises with great interest and enthusiasm. Dr. P. Palazzi who organised the practical sessions during the first week and Dr. F. Rademakers (for the second week) are very warmly thanked for their efforts and congratulated on the results. Our sincere thanks also go to their colleagues: Arash Khodabandeh, Michel Maire, Sven Ravndal and Simone Giani. We are indebted to Hewlett-Packard (Geneva) for the loan of six workstations for use in the practical exercises. We warmly thank Mr. G, Horvath, Director of Networx Ltd., for the loan of six Ethernet boards and Mr. F. Czako, Director of Optotrans Ltd., for the loan of a CISCO router. All this equipment was installed by members of KFKI, namely: É. Borbâs, T. Horânszky, T. Benkô and J. Kadlecsik. Our best compliments for their excellent work. The School was hosted by the Hotel Sopron. The hotel offered excellent facilities and we wish to express our sincere thanks to its Director, Mr. F. Pratser, for the excellent service and the efficiency of his personnel. Two excursions were organised; one to the local area around Sopron and the other to Vienna. Both these breaks in the programme were very much appreciated. We express our gratitude to our secretary, Jacqueline Turner, for her tireless efforts deployed before and at the School. Our warmest thanks also go to Mariann Kovacs for her invaluable assistance during the School. Finally, we should also thank the students for their active participation and we wish all of them success in their professional life. CE. Vandoni, C. Verkerk, Editors v Advisory Committee G. Barreira, L.I.P. Lisbon, Portugal R. Brun, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S. Centra, 1NFN, Padua, Italy F. Flùckiger, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland L.O. Hertzberger, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands A. Hey, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. G. Kellner, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P. Palazzi, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland K. Szegô, RMKI Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary G. Turchanyi, RMKI Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary J. Turner, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland C. Vandoni, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland C. Verkerk, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D.O. Williams, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P. Zanella, CRS4, Cagliari, Italy M. Zimanyi, RMKI Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary Editors' Note No written account of the lectures by S. Cittolin, "Overview of Data Acquisition for LHC" was available, but the editors decided to exceptionally reproduce the numerous self-explanatory transparencies used by the lecturer, as an Appendix to these Proceedings. vii Lecturers S. Cittolin, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F. Flùckiger, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland T. Gaal, INRIA, Le Chesnay, France S. Giani, CERN, Geneva , Switzerland J. Harvey, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Hey, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. R. Jones, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J. Kertész, Technical University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary A. Khodabandeh, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Maire, LAPP, Annecy-Ie-Vieux, France P. Palazzi, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland G. Peise, Consultant, Stolberg, Germany R. Pennington, Pittsburgh Supercompuring Center, Pittsburgh, USA S. Ravndal, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Reeve, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium P. Ribarics, Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, Munich, Germany T, Roska, Research Institute for Computing Automation, Budapest, Hungary P. Sloot, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands F. Vajda, KFKI Research Institute for Measurement, Budapest, Hungary G. Vesztergombi, Research Institute for Physics (RMKI), Budapest, Hungary VIII Contents Abstract iii Preface v Advisory Committee vii Editors' Note vii Lecturers viii Contents ix Interaction and Advances. High Performance Computing in Embedded Systems: from Industrial Requirements to Practicable Concepts G.Peise 1 The impact of Computing on High Energy Physics J.Harvey 17 Distributed and Heterogeneous Computing R.L. Pennington 25 Networked Multimedia F, Fluckiger 59 Software Development: People, Process, Technology A. Khodabandeh, P. Palazzi 65 Software for DAQ Systems K. Jones 91 GEANT Steps into the Future S. Giani, S. Raxmdal, M. Maire 139 The HI Trigger System P.Ribarics 157 Modelling and Simulation P. Shot 177 Aspects of Simulation in Statistical Physics J.Kertész 227 Massively Parallel Associative String Processor (ASP) for High Energy Physics G. Vesztergombi 235 CISC vs RISC: Bridging the Processor Architecture-Software Gap F.Vajda 275 Parallel Program Supervisor and Parallel Language Processing Generation T.Gaâl 281 The CNN Universal Machine - a summary of an analogic supercomputer chip architecture for very high speed