Symbiotic Autonomous Systems An FDC Initiative symbiotic-autonomous-systems.ieee.org White Paper II October 2018 S. Mason Dambrot, Derrick de Kerchove, Francesco Flammini, Witold Kinsner, Linda MacDonald Glenn, Roberto Saracco IEEE Symbiotic Autonomous Systems White Paper II 1 IEEE Symbiotic Autonomous Systems White Paper II 2 Contents Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 7 2. Symbiotic Autonomous Systems............................................................................................................ 9 Roadmap: from Today to the Future ................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Machine Augmentation ................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Human Augmentation ..................................................................................................................... 34 3.3 Symbioses ........................................................................................................................................ 44 Technology Evolution 2030-2050 ........................................................................................................ 59 4.1 Integrative Transdisciplinary Capabilities ........................................................................................ 59 4.2 Artificial General Intelligence and Affective Computing ................................................................. 59 4.3 Augmented Human Technologies ................................................................................................... 60 4.4 Augmentation through genomic engineering ................................................................................. 68 4.5 Awareness Technologies, Intention Recognition, and Sentiment Analysis ...................................... 74 4.6 Digital Twins .................................................................................................................................... 91 4.7 Security .......................................................................................................................................... 102 Societal, Economic, Cultural, Ethical and Political Issues .................................................................. 115 5.1 A New Society: Some Aspects of Self, Selves, and Super-Self ....................................................... 115 5.2 Direct Democracy .......................................................................................................................... 116 5.3 Democracy in the Era of Bits ......................................................................................................... 116 5.4 Ethical Androids ............................................................................................................................. 119 5.5 Datacracy ....................................................................................................................................... 119 5.6 Mood and Sentiment ..................................................................................................................... 121 Legal and Societal Issues ................................................................................................................... 125 6.1 Symbiosis ....................................................................................................................................... 125 6.2 The “Shotgun” Approach ............................................................................................................... 125 6.3 Proportional Allocation of Responsibility ...................................................................................... 125 6.4 The Law as Codified Conscience: Issues of Privacy, Autonomy, and Culpability........................... 126 6.5 Rights of the Individual Versus Rights of Persons ......................................................................... 126 6.6 Privacy ........................................................................................................................................... 126 6.7 Autonomy ...................................................................................................................................... 127 6.8 Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 128 Market Impact ................................................................................................................................... 129 7.1 Towards a jobless society? ............................................................................................................ 130 7.2 A new definition of the value chain ............................................................................................... 133 IEEE Symbiotic Autonomous Systems White Paper II 3 7.3 From consumption to usage, from ownership to sharing ............................................................. 134 7.4 Multiscale Global Communications ............................................................................................... 134 7.5 Intelligent Transportation.............................................................................................................. 137 7.6 Global Non-Polluting Net-Positive Energy Technologies ............................................................... 138 Impact on Education 2050 ................................................................................................................. 143 8.1 Education Needs ............................................................................................................................ 143 8.2 Basic Education and Just-in-Time Education ................................................................................. 143 8.3 Symbiotic Shared Education .......................................................................................................... 145 IEEE Societies Impact ......................................................................................................................... 147 9.1 SAS Impact on the IEEE Consumer Electronics Society ................................................................. 147 9.2 SAS Impact on the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society .................................................. 148 9.3 SAS Impact on the IEEE Communications Society ......................................................................... 148 9.4 SAS impact on Computer Society .................................................................................................. 149 Roadmap and Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 151 10.1 Smart Prosthetics .......................................................................................................................... 151 10.2 Rethinking Education ..................................................................................................................... 152 10.3 Ethical Questions ........................................................................................................................... 153 10.4 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 155 Glossary ............................................................................................................................................. 156 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... 162 Appendix A: Impact on Education 2050 ............................................................................................ 165 13.1 A Need and a Vision for Evolving Education Based on SAS ........................................................... 165 13.2 Learning Ecosystems: Some Definitions ........................................................................................ 169 13.3 From Open-Loop to Closed Loop Education .................................................................................. 177 13.4 Towards Symbiotic Education ....................................................................................................... 181 13.5 Closing Remarks on Symbiotic Education ...................................................................................... 182 Appendix B: Summary of Delphi Study Results ................................................................................. 184 14.1 Area 1 – Internet Human Augmentation ....................................................................................... 184 14.2 Area 2 - Ambient Augmented Humans.......................................................................................... 186 14.3 Area 3 - Augmented Humans ........................................................................................................ 189 14.4 Area 4 - Bio augmented Machines ................................................................................................ 190 14.5 Area 5 - Context Aware Machines ................................................................................................. 193 14.6 Area 6 – Self-Aware Machines ......................................................................................................