TH THE MW8.8 MAULE CHILE EARTHQUAKE OF 27 FEBRUARY 2010 A PRELIMINARY FIELD REPORT BY EEFIT 1 th The MW8.8 Maule Chile Earthquake of 27 February 2010 Zygmunt Lubkowski, Associate Director, Arup Dr Dina D’Ayala, University of Bath, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Dr Adam Crewe, University of Bristol, Department of Civil Engineering Ali Manafpour, Assistant Professor, Urmia University and Consultant, Mahab Ghodss, Iran Dr Damian Grant, Senior Engineer, Arup Tristan Lloyd, PhD Student, UCL Daniella Escribano Leiva, PhD Student, University of Bristol Viviana Novelli, PhD student, University of Bath Team photo, taken at the Hotel Diego de Almagro, Talca Maule, Chile Earthquake 27th February 2010 2 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1.1 Chile’s Geography ............................................................................................................. 5 1.1.2 Chile’s Economy ................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 The EEFIT Team ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.3 The Mission ................................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 The Report ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.5 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 7 2 Seismological Aspects and Code Requirements ............................................................................. 9 2.1 The Maule Earthquake ............................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Strong Motion Records ............................................................................................................ 11 2.3 Intensity .................................................................................................................................... 13 2.4 The Chilean Seismic Code ...................................................................................................... 14 3 Santiago and the Surrounding Region ........................................................................................... 18 3.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 18 3.2 Observed Intensities ................................................................................................................ 19 3.3 Historical and Vernacular Buildings ......................................................................................... 19 3.4 Modern Buildings ..................................................................................................................... 25 3.4.1 Viña del Mar and Valparaiso ........................................................................................... 25 3.4.2 Santiago .......................................................................................................................... 27 3.5 Roads and Bridges ................................................................................................................... 32 3.5.1 Autopista Vespucio Norte Express .................................................................................. 32 3.6 Ports ......................................................................................................................................... 35 4 Region VI – O’Higgins .................................................................................................................... 37 4.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 37 4.2 Observed Intensities ................................................................................................................ 38 4.3 Historical and Vernacular Buildings ......................................................................................... 39 4.4 Roads and Bridges ................................................................................................................... 43 4.4.1 Route 5 ............................................................................................................................ 43 4.4.2 Geotechnical Performance of Embankments .................................................................. 45 4.4.3 Country Roads................................................................................................................. 46 4.5 Industry .................................................................................................................................... 47 4.5.1 Wood Pulp Industry ......................................................................................................... 47 4.6 Coastal ..................................................................................................................................... 47 5 Region VII – Maule ........................................................................................................................ 49 5.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 49 5.2 Observed Intensities ................................................................................................................ 50 5.3 Historical and Vernacular Buildings ......................................................................................... 52 Maule, Chile Earthquake 27th February 2010 3 5.4 Modern Buildings ..................................................................................................................... 54 5.4.1 Talca ................................................................................................................................ 54 5.4.2 Constitución ..................................................................................................................... 57 5.5 Emergency Buildings ............................................................................................................... 58 5.5.1 Hospital in Talca, ............................................................................................................. 58 5.5.2 Hospital in Constitución ................................................................................................... 59 5.5.3 Fire Station, Constitución ................................................................................................ 59 5.6 Roads and Bridges ................................................................................................................... 60 5.6.1 Rio Mataquito Suspension Bridge, Lincantén ................................................................. 60 5.6.2 Rio Claro Bridge, Curicó .................................................................................................. 60 5.6.3 Cardenal Raul Silva Henriquez Bridge, Constitución ...................................................... 61 5.6.4 Bridge on M-80-N, Pelluhue ............................................................................................ 63 5.7 Dams ........................................................................................................................................ 63 5.8 Coastal ..................................................................................................................................... 64 6 Region VIII – Biobío ....................................................................................................................... 68 6.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 68 6.2 Observed Intensities ................................................................................................................ 69 6.3 Street survey to assess extent of damage to building stock .................................................... 69 6.4 Modern Buildings ..................................................................................................................... 71 6.4.1 Modern Buildings in Concepción ..................................................................................... 71 6.4.2 Modern Buildings in Talcahuano ..................................................................................... 81 6.5 Roads and Bridges ................................................................................................................... 82 6.5.1 The four bridges across the Biobío river ......................................................................... 82 6.6 Coasts & Ports ......................................................................................................................... 84 6.7 Industrial ................................................................................................................................... 86 6.7.1 Silo Collapse, Concepción .............................................................................................