Table of Contents Fundamentals of Australian Constitutional Law ................................................................................................... 14 The Constitution ................................................................................................................................................. 14 Main types of Constitutional Case ................................................................................................................. 14 Fundamentals of Constitutional Law ................................................................................................................. 16 Overview of Principles .................................................................................................................................. 16 Precedent and Overruling .................................................................................................................................. 16 Australian Agricultural Co v Federated Engine-Drivers & Firemen’s Association (‘Engine-Driver’s Case’) (1913) 17 CLR 261 ........................................................................................................................................ 17 John v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1989) 166 CLR 417 ................................................................. 17 Wurridjal v Commonwealth (2009) 237 CLR 309. ....................................................................................... 18 Stevens v Head (1993) 176 CLR 433 ............................................................................................................. 19 Queensland v Commonwealth (Second Territory Senators Case) (1977) 139 CLR 585 .............................. 19 Shaw v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (2003) 218 CLR 28 ......................................... 20 Reading Down and Severence ........................................................................................................................... 21 Victoria v Commonwealth (Industrial Relations Act Case) (1996) 187 CLR 416 ........................................ 22 New South Wales v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1 ............................................. 22 The High Court and Constitutional Interpretation (A) .......................................................................................... 23 1) The Division of Legislative Power ................................................................................................................ 23 Conflicts: ........................................................................................................................................................ 23 2A) Pre-Engineers: Implied Immunity of instrumentalities doctrine ............................................................... 24 D’Emden v Pedder (1904) 1 CLR 91 ............................................................................................................ 24 Deakin v Webb (1904) 1 CLR 585 ................................................................................................................. 24 Municipal Council of Sydney v Commonwealth (Municipal Rates Case) (1904) 1 CLR 208 ...................... 25 Federated Amalgamated Government Railway and Tramway Service Association v New South Wales Railway Traffic Employees Association (Railways Servants’ Case) (1906) 4 CLR 488 .............................. 25 Attorney-General of NSW v Collector of Customs for NSW (Steel Rails Case) (1908) 5 CLR 818 ............. 25 R v Sutton (Wire Netting Case) (1908) 5 CLR 789 ....................................................................................... 26 2B) Pre-Engineers: Reserved State Powers Docrtine ........................................................................................ 26 R v Barger (1908) 6 CLR 41 .......................................................................................................................... 27 Attorney-General (NSW) v Brewery Employees Union of NSW (Union Label Case) (1908) 6 CLR 469 .... 27 1 | P a g e Huddart, Parker & Co Pty Ltd v Moorehead (1909) 8 CLR 330 .................................................................. 27 3) The Engineers’ Case ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (Engineers’ Case) (1920) 28 CLR 129 . 28 Victoria v Commonwealth (Payroll Tax Case) (1971) 122 CLR 35 ............................................................. 29 4) The Jumbunna Principle – taking a broad interpretation ............................................................................... 29 Jumbunna Coal Mine NL v Victorian Coal Miners’ Association (1908) 6 CLR 309 ................................... 30 Pape v Commissioner of Taxation [2009] HCA 23 ....................................................................................... 30 The high court and constitutional interpretation (B) ............................................................................................. 31 Originalism ........................................................................................................................................................ 32 Literalism and Legalism .................................................................................................................................... 32 Judicial Choice ................................................................................................................................................... 33 United States v Carolene Products Co 304 US 144 (1938). ......................................................................... 35 The Dead hand & the living tree: use of historical material ............................................................................. 36 Tasmania v Commonwealth and Victoria (Drawbacks Case) (1904) 1 CLR 329 ........................................ 36 The Dead hand & the living tree: Intention of the framers ................................................................................ 36 NSW v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1 ................................................................. 37 THe Dead hand & the living Tree: Textualsm ................................................................................................... 38 Eastman v The Queen (2000) 203 CLR 1 ...................................................................................................... 38 THe Dead hand & the living Tree: Incremental Accommodation ..................................................................... 39 Street v Queensland Bar Association (1989) 168 CLR 461 ........................................................................... 39 THe Dead hand & the living Tree: Purposive Interpretation ............................................................................ 40 Brownlee v The Queen (2001) 207 CLR 278 ................................................................................................ 42 Re Wakim; Ex parte McNally (Cross-vesting Case) (1999) 198 CLR 511 ................................................... 43 THe Dead hand & the living Tree – Strategic Compromise? ............................................................................ 43 The High court and characterisation ...................................................................................................................... 46 1) Characterisation ............................................................................................................................................. 46 United States v Butler 297 us 1 (1936) .......................................................................................................... 46 Bank of NSW v Commonwealth (Bank Nationalisation Case) ...................................................................... 48 2) Dual Characterisation .................................................................................................................................... 49 R v Barger (1908) 6 CLR 41 .......................................................................................................................... 49 2 | P a g e Melbourne Corporation v Commonwealth (1947) 74 CLR 31 ...................................................................... 49 Fairfax v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1965) 114 CLR 1 ................................................................. 49 New South Wales v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1 ............................................. 50 Herald & Weekly Times Ltd v Commonwealth (1966) 115 CLR 418 ........................................................... 51 Murphyores Incorporated Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1976) 136 CLR 1 ...................................................... 51 Actors and Announcers Equity Association v Fontana Films Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR 169 ........................ 52 3) Interactions between heads of power ............................................................................................................. 52 Pidoto v Victoria (1943) 68 CLR 87 ............................................................................................................. 53 New South Wales v Commonwealth (Work Choices Case) (2006) 229 CLR 1 ............................................. 53 4) Subject Matter and Purpose Powers (Intro) ..................................................................................................