Human Trafficking, Sex Work Safety and the 2010 Games: Assessments and Recommendations June 10, 2009 Sex Industry Worker Safety Action Group Working Together on the Right to be Safe Authored by Table of Contents Human Trafficking, Sex Work Safety and the 2010 Games: Assessments and Recommendations Regarding Collateral Impacts __________________________________________ Executive Summary Section One: Introduction to the Study 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of the project .................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Description of the background study .............................................................................................. 2 Section Two: Global Overview: Mega Sport Events, the Sex Work Industry and Trafficking in Persons for Sexual Exploitation 2.1 Hallmark events ............................................................................................................................ 4 2.2 The sex work industry ................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation ................................................................................. 6 2.4 Globalization and migration ........................................................................................................... 6 2.5 The United Nations: Trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation ................................................. 7 2.6 Trafficking: Interpretation and identification ................................................................................... 8 2.7 Scale of trafficking ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.8 Concerns about trafficking data ................................................................................................... 10 2.9 Detection and enforcement ......................................................................................................... 11 2.10 United States: Trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation ........................................................ 12 2.11 United States Tier Rankings ........................................................................................................ 12 2.12 Conflation of prostitution with trafficking ...................................................................................... 12 2.13 The European Union: Trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation............................................. 13 2.14 Europe: Mega Sport and Trafficking Concerns and Realities ...................................................... 14 2.15 Greece: Trafficking in persons tier ranking ................................................................................. 15 2.16 Athens Summer Games 2004: The brothel controversy ............................................................ 16 2.17 Athens Summer Games 2004: Concerns about trafficking ......................................................... 17 2.18 Germany: Trafficking in persons tier ranking .............................................................................. 18 2.19 Germany: Sex Work Industry ..................................................................................................... 18 2.20 Germany: The 2006 World Cup and trafficking ........................................................................... 19 2.21 Trafficking estimates ―unfounded‖ .............................................................................................. 19 2.22 Germany: Anti-Trafficking Campaign .......................................................................................... 20 2.23 Germany: Campaign efforts and reduction in trafficking ............................................................. 21 2.24 Switzerland: Trafficking in persons tier ranking .......................................................................... 21 2.25 Switzerland: 2008 European World Cup ..................................................................................... 22 2.26 United Kingdom: Trafficking in persons Tier Ranking ................................................................. 22 2.27 Trafficking: Major enforcement and public awareness efforts ..................................................... 23 2.28 UK Action Plan on Tackling Human Trafficking .......................................................................... 23 2.29 England and Wales - Sex Work .................................................................................................. 24 2.30 United Kingdom: 2012 Olympic Summer Games ....................................................................... 25 2.31 Organization and cost of the 2012 Games ................................................................................. 25 2.32 2012 Games: – Planning on combating trafficking ...................................................................... 25 2.33 2012 Games: – Media and trafficking ......................................................................................... 25 2.34 Summary on Mega Sport Events and Trafficking: 2004 – 2008 .................................................. 26 Section Three: Literature Review: Mega Sport Events, the Sex Work Industry and Trafficking in Persons for Sexual Exploitation 3.1 Olympic Games History and Context .......................................................................................... 28 3.2 Sex Work History and Context ................................................................................................... 30 3.3 Trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation History and Context .............................................. 36 Section Four: Canada and Vancouver: Mega Sport Events, the Sex Work Industry and Trafficking in Persons for Sexual Exploitation 4.1 Canada: Trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation ................................................................ 44 4.2 Canada- US State Department Tier Ranking .............................................................................. 45 4.3 Canada: Trafficking legal provisions ........................................................................................... 46 4.4 Canada: Immigration and Refugee Protection Act provisions ..................................................... 46 4.5 Canada: 2005 Trafficking provisions .......................................................................................... 47 4.6 Assistance for victims of trafficking ............................................................................................. 47 4.7 Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons (IWGTIP) ....................................... 48 4.8 Standing Committee on the Status of Women Report on Trafficking .......................................... 49 4.9 Status of Women report recommendations ................................................................................ 50 4.10 Government of Canada Response ............................................................................................. 51 4.11 Concerns about Canada‘s approach to combating trafficking ..................................................... 52 4.12 Canadian National Coalition of Experimental Women ................................................................ 53 4.13 Additional concerns: Absence of strategy on trafficking .............................................................. 53 4.14 Canada and the sex work industry ............................................................................................. 54 4.15 History of Canadian prostitution law ........................................................................................... 54 4.16 The contemporary debate on sex work in Canada ..................................................................... 56 4.17 Parliamentary Sub-Committee on Solicitation Laws ................................................................... 57 4.18 Government response to the Solicitation Committee .................................................................. 58 4.19 The sex work industry in Canada ............................................................................................... 59 4.20 Street-level sex work .................................................................................................................. 60 4.21 The sex work industry and Aboriginal women and girls .............................................................. 61 4.22 Domestic Trafficking: Aboriginal women and girls ...................................................................... 62 4.23 Recommendations call for action ............................................................................................... 63 4.24 The sex industry and male sex workers ..................................................................................... 64 4.25 Canada: Under the Radar study ................................................................................................. 64 4.26 Under the Radar Recommendations .......................................................................................... 65 4.27 Male clients of female sex workers ............................................................................................. 65 4.28 Canada: