AN ANALYISIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN MARKUS ZUSAK’S NOVEL THE BOOK THIEF A THESIS BY ILMA WAHYUNI REG. NO. 130705038 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, ILMA WAHYUNI, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : December 18th, 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : ILMA WAHYUNI TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN MARKUS ZUSAK’S NOVEL THE BOOK THIEF QUALIFICATION : S-1/ SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : December 18th, 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. My first sincere gratitude is addresses to the mightiest Allah SWT, and also to the prophet Muhammad SAW for the gracious mercy and tremendeous blessings that enable me in completing this thesis as one of the requirements to achievethe Bachelor’s Degree from Department of English at Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumetera Utara. I would like to thank the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. Also, thank to Head of Department of English Dr. Deliana, M.Hum, and the Secretary of Department of English Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. I also would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Supervisor, Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum and my Co-Supervisor Riko Andika Rahmad Pohan, S.S, M.Hum who have contributed and given the valuable evaluations, comments, suggestions, attentions, and supports during the completion and accomplishing of this thesis. And also my gratitude to all the lecturers in Department of English who have taught me during my study with the knowledge in their respective fields. My very special gratitude is for my beloved parents, my father Syaiful Gani Nasution, the greatest man who always cares for me and give me extract support in writing this thesis and my mother Rosmingan Harahap, the best woman I ever had who always pray for me, always listens to my sad yet happy story in writing and finishing this thesis. Thank you for always give prayers, support, advices, and loves to me so I could be in the greatest situation. Because so far, the biggest thing I’ve made in my life UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA is to become a bachelor’s degree, and I hope this will make you both to quite proud of me. For my dear brothers and sisters, Kak Juni, Tina, Ilham, Zeni, Iwit and Suci, thank you for your support, happiness and sadness that we always share together. We may fight sometimes, we may argue, but I always have a lot of love for you guys. And for my lovely nephew, Febian Alkahfi, for his laugh and smile that makes me feel better, and also all my family that always pray for me. My special thank to Ari Supriadi as my everyday partner for being another best person who send me support, love and share so many happiness. Thank you for the memories I will cherish forever. I also want to thank to my precious friends Devi Syafirah, Khairunnisa, who always help me and give me a suggestion, thankyou for being in my life. Thankyou to Etty Yasuma, Ersis Mita, my closest friends from junior and senior high school thankyou for hear all of my complaints and support me.Wirda, Winda, Rike, Dini , Novera, Wulan, Maria, Sari, Laila, Roby, Demina, Junita, kak Eka, teti for your kindness and makes me better beside you, thanks for time, the laugh, the crazy moments that we spent together. The last, I want to thank to my classmates English Literature B 2013, thank for giving a beautiful memories during this study. Finally I hope that this thesis will give a positive contribution to the educational development or those who want to carry out further research. Medan, December 18th, 2017 Ilma Wahyuni 130705038 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This thesis entitled “An Analysis of Figurative Language Used in Markus Zusak’s Novel The Book Thief”. The discussion in this thesis contains about the kinds of figurative language and the meanings of each figurative language that found in The Book Thief novel. In this thesis, the researcher uses descriptive qualitative method, explains some theories that related to figurative language, and then collects the data from the novel. Based on the theories, the researcher selects some sentences which are contained of figurative language and analyzes them one by one to know the kinds of figurative language used, and the meanings of them. The researcher refers to Figurative Language theory according to Rozakis (1995), Character and Characterization theory according to Abram (1999), and stylistic method according to Simpson (2004). Having analysis the data, the researcher concludes that there are 6 figurative languages that found in the novel, such as metaphor, simile, irony, hyperbole, personification and symbol. From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that figurative language has important roles in the novel. That’s why the author uses so many sentences that have figurative language in the novel. Using figurative language makes the novel more interesting to read, and helps the readers to imagine the story, the characters based on illustration that the author has already given in the story, so that the imagination created by the reader is still in context of the story. Keywords: Semantics, Figurative language, Meaning, Character and Characterization UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul “An Analysis of Figurative Language Used in Markus Zusak’s Novel The Book Thief “ Pembahasan dalam skripsi ini berisi tentang jenis-jenis bahasa kiasan dan makna dari setiap bahasa kiasan yang ditemukan dalam novel The Book Thief. Dalam skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, menjelaskan beberapa teori yang berhubungan dengan bahasa kiasan, dan kemudian mengumpulkan data dari novel tersebut. Berdasarkan teori, penulis memilih beberapa kalimat yang mengandung bahasa kiasan dan menganalisisnya satu persatu untuk mengetahui jenis- jenis bahasa kiasan. Penulis mengacu kepada teori figurative language yang dikemukakan oleh Rozakis (1995), teori Character and Characterization yang dikemukakan oleh Abram (1999), dan metode stilistika yang dikemukakan oleh Simpson (2004). Dari hasil analisis, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa ada 6 bahasa kiasan yang ditemukan dalam novel, yaitu metafora, simile, ironi, hiperbola, personifikasi dan simbol. Dari hasil analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahasa kiasan memiliki peran penting dalam novel ini. Sehingga penulis menggunakan begitu banyak kalimat yang mengandung bahasa kiasan. Penggunaan bahasa kiasan membuat novel lebih menarik untuk dibaca, dan membantu pembaca untuk membayangkan cerita dan karakter berdasarkan ilustrasi yang telah penulis berikan dalam ceritanya, sehingga imajinasi yang diciptakan pembaca masih dalam konteks cerita. Kata Kunci: Semantik, Bahasa kiasan, Makna, Karakter dan Karakterisasi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR’S DECLARATION .................................................................................. v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ............................................................................. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... ix ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................. x TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study .................................................... 1 1.2 Problems of the Study ....................................................... 5 1.3 Objectives of the Study ..................................................... 5 1.4 Scope of the Study ............................................................ 5 1.5 Significance of the Study ................................................... 6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Semantics ........................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Figurative Language ....................................................... 9 2.1.2 Types of Figurative Language ...................................... 11 2.1.2.1 Metaphor .................................................................... 11 2.1.2.2 Simile ........................................................................ 12 2.1.2.3 Irony .......................................................................... 13 2.1.2.4 Oxymoron .................................................................. 14 2.1.2.5 Apostrophe ...............................................................