HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OPERATIONS-LEVEL TRAINING FOR THE FIRST RESPONDER 2nd Edition Revised May 1, 2000 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Too often, those who “do the work” are not acknowledged in the development of programs and resources that we come to depend upon for our courses. The Michigan Hazardous Materials Training Center extends a heartfelt thanks to everyone involved in the revising and development of the 2nd Edition of the Emergency Response to Hazardous Materials Incidents, First Responders, Operations student manual, revised in the year 2000. Thank you to Captain John A. Jackson, Adrian Fire Department, and Captain J. Edward Halcomb, Portage Fire Department, for their leadership and guidance in being responsive to feedback from the field. Their wisdom in choosing what to alter in the curriculum was exceptional. Thank you to Ms. Christine Wirth for her many hours of typing to enter the student manual into a more universal format of Microsoft Word. Her talents were exceptional when it came to scanning and pasting images into the manual. Thank you, to Mrs. Susan Davidson for the numerous hours she spent proofing the manual for us. Ron Tennant and Rich Mahaney as well as many others contributed feedback and input which was vital to this year 2000 update of our “Operations” student manual. Thank you to all of those unsung contributors. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………...5 Attachment A……………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Kansas City Blast Attachment B……………………………………………………………………………………………….8 Flint Chemical Blaze Attachment C……………………………………………………………………………………………….9 Michigan Department of Labor Citation Attachment D……………………………………………………………………………………………….12 OSHA 1910.120 Standard Attachment E………………………………………………………………………………………………. 49 How to Read A Material Safety Data Sheet Attachment F………………………………………………………………………………………………. 55 MSDS Example Attachment G……………………………………………………………………………………………….63 MIOSHA Hazardous Waste Operations & Emergency Response Rules Attachment H……………………………………………………………………………………………….114 Office of Fire Safety Bulletin No. OFS-09 Unit One: Recognition…………………………………………………………………………………………….131 Recognizing Terrorist Incidents………………………………………………………………………...132 Chemical & Radiation Hazards, & Pesticide Recognition…………………………………………. 143 Toxicology For The First Responder………………………………………………………………….. 160 Attachment J………………………………………………………………………………………………..162 Cancer Forces Early Retirement Toxic Products of Combustion………………………………………………………………………….172 Table of Contents 3 Unit Two: Evaluation………………………………………………………………………………………………180 Medical Surveillance………………………………………………………………………………………181 Chemical Effect on Organs & Diagnostic Tests……………………………………………………...190 Personal Protective Equipment…………………………………………………………………………205 Attachment K……………………………………………………………………………………………….212 Chemical Permeation Performance Chart Attachment L………………………………………………………………………………………………. 213 How Chemicals Affect Kevlar Attachment M……………………………………………………………………………………………….214 PBI Attachment N……………………………………………………………………………………………….215 Chemical Resistance of Nomex Unit Three: Control……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 239 Decontamination………………………………………………………………………………………….. 240 Attachment O……………………………………………………………………………………………….244 Chemtrec Emergency Assistance Guidelines Attachment P………………………………………………………………………………………………. 248 Decon Hot Zone Form Attachment Q……………………………………………………………………………………………….249 Decon Zone Flow Chart Attachment R……………………………………………………………………………………………….250 Decon Line Diagram Attachment S………………………………………………………………………………………………. 253 Emergency Decon Procedures Attachment T………………………………………………………………………………………………. 256 NFPA Emergency Decon Procedure Confinement & Containment…………………………………………………………………………….258 SOPs in a Hazmat Emergency Response……………………………………………………………..264 Attachment T1……………………………………………………………………………………………...267 Hazmat Incident Notification Message Form Emergency Response……………………………………………………………………………………. 268 Attachment U……………………………………………………………………………………………….270 ICS Chain of Command Attachment V………………………………………………………………………………………………. 280 Hazmat Response Installations and Zones Glossary of Hazmat Terminology……………………………………………………………………………….284 4 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION q What are hazardous wastes and materials? We are all familiar with wastes as materials not worth saving or used up and thrown away. Some are produced in homes and also in factories and farms. Waste can be a nuisance, and sometimes harmful. Hazardous wastes are categorically different from refuse and need to be handled differently. They pose risks to human health that range from harmful (immediately or long-term) to catastrophic. In addition, hazardous wastes are serious threats to air, water, and land whose purity is necessary to sustain life as well as animals, farmland and property. Both the toxicity of hazardous materials plus the danger of fire or explosion make them potentially life threatening. This course will teach respect for the extreme hazards posed by hazardous materials and at the same time give First Responder Operations personnel the confidence, through knowledge and understanding, to handle them safely and appropriately. This course will provide the first responder with some defensive techniques to aid in mitigation of hazardous materials incidents. q What is a hazardous material? A hazardous material is any substance in quantity of form that may pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety, or property. q Where do we find hazardous materials and wastes? Hazardous materials are shipped throughout the country by rail, highway, air, water, and pipeline. They are stored at terminals for loading and unloading. The largest quantities are transported by rail, water, and pipelines. More than 1 billion tons per year are shipped by highway, including 1 million tons of explosives, 300,000 tons of poisons, and 100,000 shipments of radioactive isotopes. They are stored in nearly every community on farms, in hospitals, local chemical dealers and petroleum tank farms. q What kind of emergencies can occur with hazardous materials? Sometimes accidents occur and hazardous materials or wastes are spilled during shipment or storage. This may be from a broken or rusted drum, leaking tanks, tank cars, barges, and boats. This also can happen in a factory from mistakes or faulty equipment. Sometimes chemicals or fuels are spilled during shipment, and thereby become wastes. We all have read about shorelines and beaches being damaged from leaking crude oil tankers. The threat of intentional releases of hazardous materials such as chemicals and biological toxins is increasingly prevalent in our society. International and domestic terrorist groups and individuals are Introduction 5 now demanding more attention to the threat of intentional, criminal releases of hazardous substances. Several significant events involving hazardous substances are described below. q Love Canal In other cases, hazardous wastes may leak out of landfill areas. Much of the public pressure for passage of current laws on controlling hazardous wastes resulted from reports about Love Canal in the early 1980’s. This was an unfinished canal in the southeast corner of the city of Niagara Falls that was lined with a layer of hazardous waste in the 1950’s. After it was filled it was sealed on top with clay, given by the owner, Hooker Chemical, to the city as a gift for use as a park. A school was built on this land, and residential housing was built closely around the canal. After some time, noxious chemicals leaked into basements of nearby houses. Some were identified as possible causes of cancer. There also was concern that the Niagara River could be contaminated, since this is an important drinking water source for several U.S. and Canadian cities. The residents of the area were highly alarmed and organized for action. After years of study and dispute, the homes were purchased by the state and evacuated. Much of the area has now been reclaimed and is inhabited. It is difficult to prove that the chemicals caused the cases of cancer that were seen there, because about one quarter of all deaths across the United States are from cancer. Although millions of dollars were spent on the investigation of this one case, there are 152 hazardous waste disposal sites in Niagara and adjacent Erie counties, and thousands more elsewhere. q Bhopal, India One of the most lethal hazardous materials incidents occurred on December 2, 1984, at the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India. Late that night, a large quantity of methyl isocyanate (MIC) was released into the surrounding environment. The resulting exposure killed over 2,600 people and 2,000 animals. Another 200,000 persons were injured. The cause of the release was attributed to a lack of several safety devices being in place in addition to speculation indicating possible intentional sabotage. This incident became a significant catalyst for the promulgation of hazardous materials legislation in the United States. q Kansas City Firefighters are at special risk from accidents involving hazardous materials. On November 30, 1988, six Kansas City firefighters were killed when 45,000 pounds of ammonium nitrate exploded in an evacuation site south of the city. This was the worst single firefighter tragedy to occur in the United States in that decade. Firefighters were called to the scene to fight a fire in a pickup truck. The truck was located at a construction site where the ammonium was stored in a 40 to 50 foot tractor trailer. The first blast occurred as firefighters were handling