Figuring the Plural: Needs and Supports of Canadian and US Ethnocultural Arts Organizations Mina Para Matlon, Ingrid Van Haastrecht, Kaitlyn Wittig Mengüç School of the Art Institute of Chicago/Art Institute of Chicago 2014 This project was supported in part or in whole by an award from the Research: Art Works program at the National Endowment for the Arts: Grant# 13-3800-7011. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Office of Research & Analysis or the National Endowment for the Arts. The NEA does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information included in this report and is not responsible for any consequence of its use. Figuring the Plural Written, edited, and compiled by Mina Para Matlon Ingrid Van Haastrecht Kaitlyn Wittig Mengüç © 2014 by Plural All rights reserved. Published 2014. Printed in the United States of America Plural (http://pluralculture.com) is a project based out of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and dedicated to supporting Canadian and US ethnocultural arts organizations. The Plural project co-leads gratefully acknowledge the generous support of this research project by the Joyce Foundation, National Endowment for the Arts, and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Text material (excluding artwork that appears as text such as script excerpts and poems) may be reprinted without permission for any non- commercial use, provided Plural is properly credited and its copyright is acknowledged. Permission to reproduce photographs or other artwork, or the artistic discipline profiles separate from the work as a whole, must be obtained from the copyright owner listed in the relevant credit. Cover image: Chanel Kennebrew, OVERGIVE: 28”x28” Mixed Media Painting Collage. Part of the Smile Now Die Later series. Reproduced by permission from Chanel Kennebrew. Figuring the Plural Needs and Supports of Canadian and US Ethnocultural Arts Organizations Written, edited, and compiled by Mina Para Matlon Ingrid Van Haastrecht Kaitlyn Wittig Mengüç Image 1. McIntosh County Shouters, 2011. Left: Carletha Sullivan, Carolyn Palmer, Venus McIver, and Rebecca Wahlin (Shouters); Right: Tre Stevens (Stickman), Alberta Sallins, L.C. Scott (Basers and Clappers) and Freddie Palmer (Lead Songster). Photograph by Troup Nightengale. Reproduced by permission from McIntosh County Shouters. iii Contents Project Team vi The Evolution of Arab-American Literary Arts 190 Advisory Committee viii by Alex Aubry Interview Participants x Acknowledgements xiv Characteristics by Pan Racial Group 196 List of Figures xvi Canada 197 United States 208 Executive Summary 2 English 2 Unpacking the Crisis Narrative of Black Theater 228 French 7 by Jordanna Matlon Spanish 13 Characteristics by Province/Region 232 Methodology 20 Canada 233 United States 244 Terminology 36 Latino Arts Organizations in Smaller and Younger Immigrant Introduction 40 Neighborhoods 276 by Margaret Smith Part I: Historical Background 46 Affirming and Innovating Tradition in North American Canada 48 Ukrainian Dance 280 United States 82 by Yaryna Klimchak Part II: Current Ethnocultural Arts Organizations (2013- Needs and Supports: A Life Cycle Approach 284 2014) 136 Performing in Liminal Spaces; the Future of North American Indigenous Techne: Native New Media in North America 138 Taiko 338 by Leena Minifie by Kaitlyn Wittig Mengüç Overview of Characteristics 148 Suggested Areas for Future Research 346 Canada 148 United States 166 Artwork in Context 348 Selected Bibliography 354 iv Appendices (included separately) Appendix A: Database of Canadian ethnocultural arts organizations Appendix B: Database of US ethnocultural arts organizations Appendix C: Database of Canadian support organizations Appendix D: Database of US support organizations Appendix E: Interview questions template Appendix F: Canadian survey questions Appendix G: US English/Spanish survey questions Appendices H-J: Canadian survey results by Aboriginal, Culturally Diverse, and White pan group (open-ended responses omitted to maintain privacy of respondents) Appendices K-R: US survey results by pan-racial group (open-ended responses omitted to maintain privacy of respondents) Appendix S: Arts organization interview instructions Appendix T: Consent and release form template: US arts organization, no transcript Appendix U: Calculations for Survey Representativeness v Project Team Mina Para Matlon, Founder/Project Co-Lead Ingrid Van Haastrecht, Founder/Project Co-Lead Kaitlyn Wittig Mengüç, Project Co-Lead Alex Aubry, Graphic Design & Contributing Writer Jacqueline Chao, Media & Graphic Design Patricia Morris Alava, Spanish Translation & Field Research Jasmyn Grace Smith, Research Madeline Smith, Research Alda Akhsar Tchochiev, Artist Liaison & Field Research Contributing Writers Yaryna Klimchak Jordanna Matlon Leena Minifie Margaret Smith Rebecca Duclos, Dean of Graduate Studies at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, is an ad hoc member of the project team. Brant Gidwitz contributed geographic visualization services. vi Images 2 and 3. Julianne Beaudin-Herney. Inner Parts of Me (Part 1), 2013. Photos taken on iPhone by Maariu Costa, Edited by the Artist. Julianne is a member of Sâkêwêwak Artists Collective Inc. Reproduced by permission from Julianne Beaudin-Herney. vii Advisory Committee Canada Millie Knapp, Association for Native Development in the Performing and Visual Arts Sandra Laronde, Indigenous Arts at The Banff Centre; Red Sky Performance Shahin Sayadi, OneLight Theatre & Prismatic Festival Sanjay Shahani, The Ontario Trillium Foundation Charles C. Smith, Cultural Pluralism in the Arts Movement Ontario Maggie Stewart, OneLight Theatre & Prismatic Festival United States Jennifer Armstrong, on behalf of the entire board of The Association of American Cultures Roberto Bedoya, Tucson Pima Arts Council Deepa Gupta, The Boeing Company Angelique Power, The Joyce Foundation Gina Rodriguez-Drix, Rhode Island Council for the Humanities Rebeccah Sanders, formerly of the Chicago Cultural Alliance Carlton Turner, Alternate Roots Organizations are listed solely for identification purposes Image 4. Paloma Nuñez and Juan Carlos Velis in The Intruder, Alameda Theatre Company, 2011. Written by Amaranta Leyva. Photograph by Steve Carty. Reproduced by permission from Alameda Theatre Company. viii Image 5. Oinkari women perform Lapurdiko Makil Dantza during Trailing of the Sheep, an annual celebration of sheepherding cultures. Oinkari Basque Dancers, 2012. Photograph by Dev Khalsa. Reproduced by permission from Oinkari Basque Dancers. ix Interview Participants Canada Obsidian Theatre Company Aboriginal Arts, Alberta Foundation for the Arts Onelight Theatre Society & Prismatic Festival Aboriginal Arts, Canada Council for the Arts Ontario Arts Council Accès Asie Pavlychenko Folklorique Ensemble Alianait Arts Festival (Alianait Entertainment Group) Powell Street Festival Society Alameda Theatre Company Puente Theatre Society Ashkenaz Foundation Raven Spirit Dance B Current Performing Arts Sâkêwêwak Artists’ Collective Canadian Public Arts Funders Saskatchewan Native Theatre Company Canadian Hungarian Cultural Society of Edmonton Shevchenko Foundation Canadian Native Friendship Centre of Edmonton South Asian Visual Arts Centre Circle of Life Thunderbird House Tara Players Theatre of Ottawa Collective of Black Artists Teesri Duniya Theatre Community Arts, BC Arts Council Toronto Reel Asian International Film Festival Constantinople Ukrainian Cultural and Educational Centre Dancers of Damelahamid Society Ukrainian Shumka Dancers Debajehmujig Theatre Group Urban Ink Productions Desna Ukrainian Dance Company of Toronto Urban Shaman Diversité Artistique Montréal (DAM) Uzume Taiko Drum Group Society Edmonton Raga-Mala Music Society Vancouver Latin American Film Festival EmbraceBC Vesnivka Women’s Choir First Peoples Cultural Council Winnipeg Jewish Theatre Grunt Gallery Yukon Arts Centre Inhabit Media Janak Khendry Dance Company United States Kokoro Dance Afriky Lolo Lorita Leung Dance Company Aktina Productions MT Space Akvavit Theatre MAI (Montréal, arts interculturels) Akwesasne Library and Cultural Center NAfro Dance Productions All My Relations Arts (an initiative of the Native Native Earth Performing Arts American Community Development Institute) Nikkei National Museum & Cultural Centre American Swedish Institute Northern Arts & Cultural Centre Ariztlan Studios x Arlekin Players Theatre Kankouran West African Dance Company ARTEEAST Karpatok Hungarian Folk Ensemble Asian American Arts Alliance Kearny Street Workshop Asian Pacific American Film Kulintang Arts Aswan Dancers Kumu Kahua Theatre Atlanta Chinese Dance Company La Pena Cultural Center Ballet Hispanico of New York Latino Arts Network Ballet Lisanga Congolese Performing Arts Company Latino International Theater Festival of New York, Inc. – TeatroStageFest Black Ensemble Theater (Chicago) Lee Young Hee Museum of Korean Culture Black Storytellers Alliance (Minneapolis) Levantine Cultural Center Borderlands Theater Los Cenzontles Mexican Arts Center Boston Jewish Music Festival McIntosh County Shouters Breath of Fire Latina Theater Ensemble MECA (Multicultural Education and Counseling through the Arts) California Arts Council Mizna Carver Community Cultural Center MPAACT Center for Arabic Culture Mu Performing Arts (Theatre Mu) Center for Asian American Media Mu’olaulani Chai Latte Productions Museum at Warm Springs CHAT (Center for Hmong Arts & Talent) National Association