UW Radiation Safety Manual rev September 2003 Radiation Safety Office Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) University of Washington Box 354400 Seattle WA 98195-4400 Phone: (206) 543-0463 FAX: (206) 543-3351 Radiation Safety Manual also on EH&S home page: www.ehs.washington.edu Page i Radiation Safety Manual rev January 2002 Contents Glossary........................................................................................................................ v Section 1 Emergencies Involving Radiation A. Emergency Phone Numbers ...................................................................................... 1-2 B. Personal Injury ........................................................................................................... 1-3 C. Fire............................................................................................................................. 1-3 D. Inhalation or Ingestion of Radioactive Materials ........................................................ 1-3 E. Exposure to X-ray Machines, Accelerators or Large Gamma Sources...................... 1-4 F. External Contamination to Individuals – Little or No Injury......................................... 1-4 G. Contamination or Spill of Radioactive Material .......................................................... 1-6 Section 2 Licensing and Regulatory Controls A. Regulations ................................................................................................................ 2-1 B. Radioactive Materials................................................................................................. 2-1 C. Radiation Producing Machines .................................................................................. 2-2 Section 3 UW Administration A. Radioactive Materials License ................................................................................... 3-2 B. Executive Director for Health Sciences Administration .............................................. 3-3 C. Radiation Safety Committee ...................................................................................... 3-4 D. Radiation Safety Officer ............................................................................................. 3-7 Section 4 Authorization Process A. Authorized Investigator .............................................................................................. 4-2 B. Applications to Use Radioactive Materials ................................................................. 4-4 C. Human Subjects Applications .................................................................................... 4-7 D. Review of Initial Application ....................................................................................... 4-9 E. Approval..................................................................................................................... 4-9 F. Renewal ..................................................................................................................... 4-9 G. Non-Approval of an Application................................................................................ 4-10 H. Amendments............................................................................................................ 4-11 I. Termination/Inactivation of Authorization ................................................................. 4-12 J. Radiation Worker ..................................................................................................... 4-13 UW Environmental Health and Safety Page ii rev January 2002 Radiation Safety Manual Section 5 Training....................................................................................................................... 5-1 A. Individuals Directly Using Radioactive Materials ........................................................5-1 B. Individuals Not Directly Using Radioactive Materials..................................................5-3 Section 6 Personnel Exposure and Monitoring A. Radiation Dosimetry....................................................................................................6-3 B. Dose Limits .................................................................................................................6-5 C. Declared Pregnant Worker .........................................................................................6-6 D. Personnel Dosimeters...............................................................................................6-14 E. Bioassay and Internal Dosimetry ..............................................................................6-21 F. Personnel Exposure Records ...................................................................................6-27 Section 7 ALARA Program A. ALARA Principle .........................................................................................................7-2 B. Radiation Safety Committee Commitment to ALARA .................................................7-3 C. Radiation Safety Office Commitment to ALARA .........................................................7-4 D. Management Commitment to ALARA.........................................................................7-5 E. Employee Responsibility.............................................................................................7-5 F. ALARA Principles for Mitigating External Radiation Hazards .....................................7-6 G. ALARA Principles for Mitigating Internal Radiation Hazards ......................................7-7 H. ALARA Exposure Investigation Levels .......................................................................7-7 I. Cost-Benefit Analysis in ALARA .................................................................................7-9 Section 8 Worker Rights and Responsibilities A. Posting of Notices to Workers.....................................................................................8-2 B. RHF-3 “Notice to Employees”.....................................................................................8-3 C. Worker’s Responsibility...............................................................................................8-3 D. Instruction to Workers.................................................................................................8-3 Section 9 Radiation Protection Procedures A. Radiation Hazards ......................................................................................................9-3 B. Personal Protective Measures - External Radiation ...................................................9-5 C. Personal Protective Measures - Internal Radiation.....................................................9-6 D. Personal Protective Measures - General..................................................................9-11 E. Radiation Area Control Procedures ..........................................................................9-12 UW Environmental Health and Safety Page iii Radiation Safety Manual rev January 2002 G. Laboratory and Equipment Requirements ............................................................... 9-18 Section 10 Area Classification and Posting A. “Notice to Employees, DOH Form RHF-3”............................................................... 10-2 B. “Certificate of Authorization”..................................................................................... 10-3 C. “Emergency Procedures” ......................................................................................... 10-3 D. “Caution, Radioactive Materials” (sign or label) ....................................................... 10-4 E. “Caution, Radioactive Material” (tape) .................................................................... 10-5 F. Refrigerators or Freezers ......................................................................................... 10-5 G. “Caution, Radiation Area” (sign or label).................................................................. 10-6 H. “Caution, High Radiation Area” (sign or label) ......................................................... 10-6 I. “Grave Danger, Very High Radiation Area” (sign or label)......................................... 10-6 J. “Caution, Airborne Radioactivity Area” or “Danger, Airborne Radioactivity Area” (sign or label) ..................................................................................................................... 10-7 Section 11 Procurement of Radioactive Materials A. Authorization to Order Radioactive Materials........................................................... 11-1 B. Approval of Radionuclide Order ............................................................................... 11-2 C. Ordering Process ..................................................................................................... 11-2 D. Radionuclide Order Receipt ..................................................................................... 11-2 E. Radioactive Materials Inventory ............................................................................... 11-4 F. Inventory Reports..................................................................................................... 11-5 Section 12 Shipment of Radioactive Materials A. Shipping Regulations ............................................................................................... 12-1 B. Shipment.................................................................................................................. 12-1 C. Portable Devices Containing Sealed Sources ........................................................