Idaho State Department of Agriculture ISDA Pub LS-002-17-R1 Idaho Pesticide Applicator Training Manual A guide for safe use and handling of pesticides for applicators, dealers and consultants. Pesticide Safety Education Program Authored/Edited by Sherman K. Takatori Copyright© 2017, Idaho State Department of Agriculture Idaho Pesticide Applicator Training Manual A Guide for Safe use and Handling for Pesticide Applicators, Dealers and Consultants Authored/edited by Sherman K. Takatori Preface The Idaho Pesticide Applicator Training Manual will help you understand the Federal and state pesticide laws and regulations, good environmental stewardship practices, sound pest management practices, and actions that are necessary for the safe and effective handling and application of pesticide products. In addition, laws and information relating to the sale and distribution of pesticide products are included for dealers. Because of the complexities of pest control in the modern world, pesticide applicators must understand the environment that they attempt to control and the types of control options available. Sound pest management practices must consider human safety, human and animal health, and environmental impact. This manual does not attempt to provide all the information necessary for pest management decisions, but gives basic information critical for pesticide applicators, dealers and consultants. The Laws & Safety and Private Applicator examinations, administered by the Idaho State Department of Agriculture, are based on informationcontained in this manual. In order to obtain a pesticide license, all applicators, dealers and consultants must know specific information contained within this manual. All pesticide applicator examinations will contain questions specific to the informationcontained in this manual. Afterreading each chapter, answer the review questions to test your knowledge of the chapter. Compare your answers with the correct answers shown at the end of the manual. The Pre-Test and Post-Test, included in this manual, will help you will help you prepare for the ce1tification examinations and become familiar with the types of questions the actual examinations will ask. Please use the glossary to definewords or terms you do not know prior to taking the examinations. This manual is a valuable resource for all pesticide applicators. It contains useful information that will assist applicators in planning and managing a pest control program. Appendices B (Common telephone numbers) and C (Conversion Table) contain additional information that is useful forall persons that handle or apply pesticides. About the author/editor: Sherman K. Takat01·i is a Program Specialist for ISDA's Pesticide Applicator Licensing and Training Section. He is responsible for state licensing and training issues and is a primary contact for project coordination between the University of Idaho, Cooperative Extension; University of Idaho College of Agricultural and Life Sciences (CALS); and ISDA. Acknowledgements In addition to specific sources cited in the text, Cooperative Extension publications from the following universities were valuable sources of information and material: University of Idaho, University of Wisconsin, Penn State University, North Carolina State University, Cornell University, Oregon State University, and Washington State University. Special thanks goes to Dr. Roger Flashinski, University of Wisconsin (Ret); Dr. Edward J. Bechinski, University of Idaho; Carol A. Ramsay, Washington State University; and Ronda Hirnyck, University ofldaho for information used in this manual. Additional thanks goes to Ronda Hirnyck and the University ofldaho for the preliminary editing of this manual. Additional thanks goes to the Idaho State Department of Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Resources for internal review and timely suggestions: George Robinson Luis Urias Bob Spencer Ben Miller Vic Mason A special thank you to Laura Morris for her excellent work reviewing and proof-reading all portions of this manual. Table of Contents Pre-Test 3 Chauter 6 - Pesticide Hazards and Health 69 Exposure: How Pesticides Enter the Body Chapter 1 - Introdnction to Pests and Pest Toxicity and Potential Health Effects of Pesticides Management 5 First Aid for Pesticide Poisoning How Organophosphate or Carbamate Insecticides Pest Control Over the Years Affect Organisms Contemporary Concerns Review Questions Pest Management Tactics Integrated Pest Management (1PM) Chauter 7 - Using Pesticides Safely 80 Review Questions Protect Yourself From Pesticide Exposure Mixing and loading Chapter 2 - Pesticide Laws, Rnles and Application Regulations 18 Storage Pesticide Registration Disposal Pesticide Applicator Training and Licensing Pesticide Concentrates Enforcement Transportation Additional Information Fire safety Pesticide Recordkeeping Spills The Worker Protection Standard Review Questions Protection of State Waters Other Regulatory Agencies Chauter 8 - Pesticides and the Environment 101 Review Questions Pesticide Fate Groundwater Contamination Chauter 3 - Pesticides 34 Effects on Non-Target Organisms Classification of Pesticides Review Questions The Chemistry of Pesticides Insecticides Chauter 9 - Pesticide Auulication Princiules 114 Acaricides Management and Operator Considerations Herbicides Methods of Application Fungicides Application Equipment Bactericides Equipment Calibration Nematicides Sprayer Calibration Rodenticides Application Considerations Avicides Mixing and Calculations Plant Growth Regulators, Defoliants, Review Questions and Desiccants Wood Preservatives Post-Test 135 Review Questions Pre- and Post-Test Answers 140 Chauter 4 - Pesticide Formulations 44 Pesticide Formulations Review Question Answers 141 Types of Pesticide Formulations Pesticide Mixtures Glossary 144 Adjuvants Review Questions Auuendix A - Pesticide Labels Chauter 5 - The Pesticide Label 55 Auuendix B - Teleuhone Nnmbers The Background of a Label Parts of the Label Appendix C - Conversion Table When to Read the Label Review Questions I NOTES: 2 Pre-Test The following test is designed to provide the trainee with an introduction to some of the facts, concepts and skills you will encounter in this manual. Another practice exam, the Post-Test, is provided at the end of this manual (see page 135). These tests and the end of chapter quizzes are designed to help assess your pesticide knowledge. They also will introduce you to the types of questions and exam format you will encounter on the actual Laws & Safety or Private Applicator exam. If your performance on the Post-Test is not up to your expectations, re-study the parts of the manual and the questions your missed until you feel confident that you understand the concepts. To do well on the Idaho Law & Safety or Private Applicator exam, you should be able to answer all of the questions on the pre- and post-tests and understand the concepts associated with the questions. Read the entire question and answers and then choose the correct answer. Answers to the pre- and post-test are found on page 140. 1. The key to minimizing the hazard of pesticide 8. The best way to dispose of a registered pesticide is to: use to the applicator is to avoid exposure. A. Pour it into the sewer system. (True or False) B. Wrap it tightly in plastic and dispose with regular trash. 2. The use of temperature or humidity C. Use it according to the label directions. manipulation is a _______ control D. Ship therinsate to US EPA. method for pests. A. Cultural 9. Wettable powder formulations pose little or no B. Biological inhalation health risks during mixing or loading. C. Legal (True or False) D. Physical 10. The Skull and Crossbones symbol must appear on 3. Pesticide drift problems can be reduced using: evety pesticide label. A. Lower sprayer pressure and smaller nozzle (True or False) orifices. B. Applying in very calm, stable air conditions. 11. Which LD,0 is representative of a highly toxic C. Spraying upwind of a sensitive area and leaving pesticide? an untreated border. A. 640 mg/kg D. Using a nozzle that produces larger droplets. B. 35 mg/kg C. 5,900 mg/kg 4. Which is not a disadvantage of an emulsifiable D. 510 mg/kg concentrate pesticide? A. Higher phytotoxicity hazard. 12. Pesticide contaminated surface water can B. May be easily absorbed the skin. contaminate groundwater. C, Needs constant agitation. (True or False) D. Flammable. 13. Pesticide application records are required for Restricted Use Pesticide application. 5. EPA and ISDA are the only federal and state agencies (True or False) that regulate pesticides. (True or False) 14. A person can apply a Restricted Use Pesticide without an ISDA license ifhe uses hand equipment 6. Two or more pesticides that cannot be effectively mixed together are said to be _______ only. (True or False) 7. All formulations with the same active ingredient cany 15. Dealers must keep records for seven (7) years on the the same signal word. sale of general use agricultural pesticides. (True or False) (True or False) 3 NOTES: 4 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Pests and Pest Management Learning Objectives • Understand how pests have affected civilizations throughout time. • Know the definition of a pest. • Be able to define the words typed in italics. • Identify some of the earliest used pesticides and what they were used to control. • Identify some of the most significant synthetic chemical pesticides and what they were/are used to control. • Know the contemporary issues concerning the application of pesticides in our society.