Classical and augmentative biological control against diseases and pests: critical status analysis and review of factors influencing their success Philippe C. Nicot To cite this version: Philippe C. Nicot. Classical and augmentative biological control against diseases and pests: critical status analysis and review of factors influencing their success. IOBC - International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, 194 p., 2011, 978-92-9067-243-2. hal-02809014 HAL Id: hal-02809014 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02809014 Submitted on 6 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. WPRS International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious IOBC Animals and Plants: West Palaearctic Regional Section SROP Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Integrée contre les Animaux et les OILB Plantes Nuisibles: Section Régionale Ouest Paléarctique Classical and augmentative biological control against diseases and pests: critical status analysis and review of factors influencing their success Edited by Philippe C. Nicot 2011 The content of the contributions is the responsibility of the authors Published by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS) Publié par l'Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Intégrée contre les Animaux et les Plantes Nuisibles, Section Ouest Palaéarctique (OILB/SROP) Copyright IOBC/WPRS 2011 ISBN 978-92-9067-243-2 2 Cover page photo credits: 1and 3: M Ruocco, CNR 1 4 2: Anderson Mancini 3 4. P.C. Nicot, INRA Preface One of the Research Activities (RA 4.3) of the European Network for Durable Exploitation of crop protection strategies (ENDURE*) has brought together representatives of industry and scientists from several European countries with experience ranging from fundamental biology to applied field work on biological control against pests and diseases. The unique diversity of expertise and concerns allowed the group to set up very complementary approaches to tackle the issue of the factors of success of biocontrol. The initial part of the work accomplished by this group consisted in a thorough review of scientific literature published on all types of biological control. Although it had to be focused on selected key European crops and their major pests and pathogens, this review is unique in the scope of the topics it covered and in the comprehensive inventories it allowed to gather on the potential of biocontrol and factors of success at field level. In parallel with identifying knowledge gaps and key factors from published research, information was gathered on aspects linked to the production and commercialization of biocontrol agents. These results, complemented by the views of experts in the field of biocontrol consulted at the occasion of meetings of IOBC-wprs, allowed the identification of majors gaps in knowledge and bottlenecks for the successful deployment of biocontrol and lead to the proposition of key issues for future work by the research community, the field of development and prospects for technological improvement by industry. Avignon, June 2011 Philippe C. Nicot *EU FR6 project 031499, funded in part by the European Commission i Contributors ALABOUVETTE Claude, INRA, UMR1229, Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement, 17 rue Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France [email protected] current address: AGRENE, 47 rue Constant Pierrot 21000 DIJON, [email protected] BARDIN Marc, INRA, UR 407, Unité de Pathologie végétale, Domaine St Maurice, BP 94, F-84140 Montfavet, France [email protected] BLUM Bernard, International Biocontrol Manufacturers Association, Blauenstrasse 57, CH-4054 Basel, Switzerland [email protected] DELVAL Philippe, ACTA, Direction Scientifique, Technique et Internationale, ICB / VetAgroSup, 1 avenue Claude Bourgelat , F-69680 Marcy l'Etoile, France [email protected] GIORGINI Massimo, CNR, Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy [email protected] HEILIG Ulf, IBMA, 6 rue de Seine, F-78230 Le Pecq, France [email protected] KÖHL Jürgen, Wageningen UR, Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, P.O. Box 69, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands [email protected] LANZUISE Stefania, UNINA, Dip. Arboricoltura, Botanica e Patologia Vegetale, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy ii LORITO Matteo UNINA, Dip. Arboricoltura, Botanica e Patologia Vegetale, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy [email protected] MALAUSA Jean Claude, INRA, UE 1254, Unité expérimentale de Lutte Biologique, Centre de recherche PACA, 400 route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France [email protected] NICOT Philippe C., INRA, UR 407, Unité de Pathologie végétale, Domaine St Maurice, BP 94, F-84140 Montfavet, France [email protected] RIS Nicolas, INRA, UE 1254, Unité expérimentale de Lutte Biologique, Centre de recherche PACA, 400 route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France [email protected] RUOCCO Michelina, CNR, Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy [email protected] VINALE Francesco, CNR, Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy [email protected] WOO Sheridan UNINA, Dip. Arboricoltura, Botanica e Patologia Vegetale, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy [email protected] iii List of Tables Table 1: Scientific papers published between 1973 and 2008 on biological control against major plant diseases (from CAB Abstracts® database). ..........................................2 Table 2: Numbers of references on biocontrol examined per group of disease/plant pathogen......................................................................................................................3 Table 3: Numbers of different biocontrol compounds and microbial species reported as having successful effect against key airborne pathogens/diseases of selected crops. ..........................................................................................................................4 Table 4: Microbial species of fungi/oomycetes, yeasts and bacteria reported to have a significant effect against five main types of airborne diseases or pathogens in laboratory conditions or in the field.................................................................................5 Table 5: References extracted from the CAB Abstracts database and examined for reviewing augmentation biological control in grapevine. .................................................13 Table 6: Biocontrol agents evaluated in researches on augmentative biological control of pests in grapevine. ..................................................................................................15 Table 7: Number of references on augmentative biocontrol agents per group and species of target pest in grapevine.................................................................................16 Table 8: Number of references reporting data on the efficacy of augmentative biocontrol of pests in grapevine. ...................................................................................18 Table 9: Recent introductions of parasitoids as Classical Biocontrol agents ....................................31 Table 10: Consulted sources of information on authorized biocontrol plant protection products in five European countries: .............................................................................34 Table 11: Active substances suitable for biological control listed on Annex I of 91/414/EEC (EU Pesticide Database) - Status on 21st April 2009.....................................36 Table 12: Evidence for, and effectiveness of, induced resistance in plants by Trichoderma species (Harman et al., 2004a). .................................................................47 Table 13: Trichoderma-based preparations commercialized for biological control of plant diseases. ............................................................................................................49 Table 14: Compared structure of the production costs for a microbial biocontrol agent (MBCA) and a chemical insecticide (source IBMA). ......................................................59 Table 15: Compared potential costs of registration for a microbial biocontrol agent (MBCA) and a chemical pesticide (source IBMA)..........................................................60 Table 16: Compared estimated market potential for a microbial biocontrol agent (MBCA) and for a chemical pesticide (source: IBMA) ....................................................60 iv List of Tables (continued) Table 17: Compared margin structure estimates for the production and sales of a microbial biocontrol agent (MBCA) and a chemical pesticide (source IBMA)....................61 Table 18: