The Project on Master Plan Formulation for Economic Axis of TaToM (Antananarivo-Toamasina, Madagasikara) Final Report: Strategies for Infrastructure Sectors in Antananarivo Agglomeration Chapter 11 Strategies for Infrastructure Sectors in Antananarivo Agglomeration 11.1 Water Supply of Antananarivo Agglomeration Background on Water Supply of Antananarivo Agglomeration (1) Institutional Framework of Water Supply in Madagascar Ministry of Water, Energy and Hydrocarbons (MEEH: Ministere de l’Eau, de l’Energie et des Hydrocarbures) is the ministry in charge of water supply in Madagascar. Within MEEH, Directorate of Management of Water Resources (DGRE: Direction Gestion de Ressources Eau) under General Directorate of Water Management, Sanitation and Hygiene (DGEAH: Direction Générale de l’Eau, de l’Assinissement et de l’Hygiéne) is in charge of water supply. JIRAMA is the national water and electricity company of Madagascar owned by the Malagasy government. Technical Directorate of Water in Antananarivo (DTOA: Direction Technique Eau Antananarivo) of JIRAMA exclusively concentrates on the operation of water supply in Antananarivo. Attached to DTOA there is the Coordinator of Non-Revenue Water (NRW) which is the responsible office for NRW. Its mandates focus on the improvement of the strategy for NRW reduction, and to undertake all activities on loss reduction. Other than DTOA, Director of Water Equipment (DEXO: Direction Equipement Eau) is in charge of equipment and projects and the Director of Strategic Planning (DPS: Directeur de la Planification Stratégique) is in charge of planning for both energy and power sectors. (2) Present Situation of Water Supply in Antananarivo Agglomeration Drinking Water Access Rate In 2016, MEEH conducted a study on the water supply and sanitation infrastructure inventory for Regional Objective Budget Programme (BPOR: Budget Programme par Objectif par Région) covering the whole country. According to this study, the access rate to appropriate drinking water1 in Madagascar was estimated to be 23%. Table 11.1.1 shows the provisional results of the water supply infrastructure inventory for BPOR for the 38 communes of Antananarivo Agglomeration. The access rate to appropriate drinking water for the agglomeration was calculated to be 71.88%. CUA as well as the communes of Sabotsy Namehana, Atenhiroka and Ambohidrapeto had access rates higher than 80%. These communes with high access rate are located in the central part of the agglomeration and most of the people use water from JIRAMA’s network. (See Figure 11.1.1) 1 The following water sources were considered as appropriate water sources in Antananarivo Agglomeration: BP: Branchement Particulier (Private Connection) BF : Borne Fontaine Public et Sociale (Public and Social Connection (Water Kiosk)) FPMH : Forage avec Pompe à Motricité Humaine (Deep Well with Human Powered Pump) PPMH : Puit avec Pompe à Motricité Humaine (Shallow Well with Human Powered Pump) 11-1 The Project on Master Plan Formulation for Economic Axis of TaToM (Antananarivo-Toamasina, Madagasikara) Final Report: Strategies for Infrastructure Sectors in Antananarivo Agglomeration Table 11.1.1 Provisional Results of Water Supply Infrastructure Inventory for BPOR in Antananarivo Agglomeration BF FPMH PPMH Access No. Commune Population* BP Beneficiaries F NF F NF F NF Rate (%) 1 1er Arrondissement 242,790 184 10 12,196 0 0 0 0 223,145 91.91 1 2e Arrondissement 134,689 136 1 10,627 0 0 0 0 117,148 86.98 1 3e Arrondissement 236,851 187 0 8,790 0 0 2 0 221,106 93.36 1 4e Arrondissement 313,277 209 8 7,454 0 0 0 0 280,236 89.46 1 5e Arrondissement 314,190 209 8 10,207 0 0 0 0 280,781 89.37 1 6e Arrondissement 87,199 151 5 1,067 0 1 0 0 76,753 88.03 Sub-Total CUA 1,328,996 1,076 32 50,341 0 1 2 0 1,199,169 90.23 2 Ambatolampy 14,393 0 1 0 0 0 3 3 270 1.88 3 Ambohidratrimo 18,159 60 0 490 1 1 0 1 9,012 49.63 4 Ambohitrimanjaka 43,416 4 0 10 2 1 0 0 2,380 5.49 5 Ampangabe 16,064 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 6 Anosiala 39,758 25 20 317 0 0 10 9 11,580 29.13 7 Antehiroka 62,537 68 1 1,240 0 0 0 0 51,901 83.00 8 Ivato 53,502 71 2 2,865 0 0 0 0 37,234 69.60 9 Talatamaty 65,600 42 0 1,408 0 0 0 0 42,458 64.73 10 Alakamisy Fenoarivo 23,485 33 0 308 0 0 0 0 13,951 59.41 11 Ambavahaditokana 40,602 40 1 2,147 0 0 0 0 21,866 53.86 12 Ambohidrapeto 30,480 26 3 1,920 3 0 0 0 29,250 95.97 13 Ambohijanaka 29,532 47 3 238 2 0 2 1 9,396 31.82 14 Ampanefy 14,097 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 15 Ampitatafika 90,320 65 8 6,690 0 0 11 4 52,325 57.94 16 Andoharanofotsy 38,951 18 0 3,325 0 2 1 5 25,108 64.47 17 Andranonahoatra 49,442 20 0 1,333 0 0 4 1 13,594 27.50 18 Ankadimanga 1,566 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 19 Ankaraobato 4,912 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 20 Anosizato Andrefana 2,279 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 138 6.06 21 Bemasoandro 16,895 12 0 25 0 0 1 0 6,558 38.82 22 Bongatsara 28,294 20 0 504 0 0 92 0 16,017 56.61 23 Fenoarivo 25,840 49 4 1,760 0 0 1 0 17,461 67.58 24 Fiombonana 8,000 47 5 0 0 0 3 4 2,824 35.30 25 Itaosy 12,067 2 5 0 0 0 2 0 1,843 15.28 26 Soalandy 70,624 66 0 3,393 0 0 3 0 56,996 80.71 27 Soavina 4,985 5 0 3 0 0 0 0 380 7.63 28 Tanjombato 6,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 29 Tsiafahy 33,585 45 2 556 0 1 0 0 18,160 54.08 30 Alasora 30,802 98 5 290 0 0 3 2 19,682 63.90 31 Ambohimanambola 15,937 18 8 45 0 0 0 0 5,625 35.30 32 Ambohimanga Rova 25,285 95 37 101 1 1 2 2 11,588 45.83 33 Ambohimangakely 64,474 41 1 185 0 0 0 0 10,121 15.70 34 Ankadikely Ilafy 41,404 55 3 840 2 0 0 0 15,544 37.55 35 Sabotsy Namehana 4,015 42 2 14 0 0 0 1 3,392 84.49 36 Manandriana 38,788 119 8 130 0 0 0 0 17,757 45.78 37 Anosy Avaratra 15,640 103 10 56 0 0 0 0 9,267 59.26 38 Ambatomirahavavy 16,998 180 25 19 0 0 0 0 12,353 72.68 Total 2,428,069 2,594 188 80,553 11 7 140 33 1,745,200 71.88 Note* : Figures are based on each fokontany’s data BF: Borne fontaine (Water Kiosk) BP: Branchement Particulier (Private Connection) FPMH : Forage avec Pompe à Motricité Humaine (Deep Well with Human powered Pump) PPMH : Puit avec Pompe à Motricité Humaine (Shallow Well with Human powered Pump) F : Functioning NF : Not functioning Source: MEEH, Water Supply Infrastructure Inventory for BPOR, 2016 (Draft) JIRAMA’s water supply network does not cover all areas of Antananarivo Agglomeration. Unserved communes outside of JIRAMA’s network often have independent small water supply schemes mainly using gravity-fed water sources. Such independent water supply schemes are operated by NGOs, communes or fokontany. The number of BF (water kiosks) in Table 11.1.1 includes both of JIRAMA’s network and independent systems. 11-2 The Project on Master Plan Formulation for Economic Axis of TaToM (Antananarivo-Toamasina, Madagasikara) Final Report: Strategies for Infrastructure Sectors in Antananarivo Agglomeration Source: JICA Study Team based on Provisional Results of Water Infrastructure Inventory for BPOR by MEEH and JIRAMA’s data 2017 Figure 11.1.1 Access Rates to Drinking Water in Antananarivo Agglomeration Water Resources for Antananarivo Agglomeration The main source of water for Antananarivo Agglomeration is surface water from Mantasoa Dam and Tsiazompaniry Dam in the east and south east of Antananarivo (See Figure 11.1.2). Besides these two dams, surface water of rivers such as Mamba River and Andromba River which flows into Ikopa River are also used. Some communes such as Bongatsara, Anosiala and Ampitatafika use groundwater as part of their water resources as shown in Table 11.1.1. Subsoil water is also used in Rural Commune of Solandy. 11-3 The Project on Master Plan Formulation for Economic Axis of TaToM (Antananarivo-Toamasina, Madagasikara) Final Report: Strategies for Infrastructure Sectors in Antananarivo Agglomeration Source: Fleuves et riviéres de Madagascar, ORSTOM, 1993 Figure 11.1.2 Existing Dams and Hydrology of Ikopa Watershed (3) Water Supply Facilities of Antananarivo Agglomeration The water supply network of Antananarivo Agglomeration is composed of water treatment plants (WTPs) and other water infrastructures, such as pump stations, distribution reservoirs, primary conduits and booster pumps. Several distribution reservoirs and booster pumps are located in the agglomeration to regulate water pressure. In recent years, annual net income of JIRAMA (including both energy and water sectors) have been negative. As a result, accumulated losses are increasing.