THE HONDO–GLENCOE PROJECT: EARLY 1970s EXCAVATIONS ALONG THE RIO RUIDOSO, LINCOLN COUNTY, SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO By Regge N. Wiseman With contributions by Nancy J. Akins Pamela J. McBride Gail D. Tierney David V. Hill A. H. Warren Maxwell Museum Technical Series No. 31 Maxwell Museum of Anthropology MSC01, 1050, 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Figures............................................................................................................................... viii List of Tables...................................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................x 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 1 Culture History of the Sierra Blanca Highlands.................................................................. 1 The Glencoe Phase................................................................................................... 4 Initial Glencoe Sub-Phase............................................................................ 4 Early Glencoe Sub-Phase............................................................................. 5 Middle Glencoe Sub-Phase.......................................................................... 5 Late Glencoe Sub-Phase.............................................................................. 6 About the Reports by A. H. Warren and Gail Tierney........................................................ 6 2. GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE RIO RUIDOSO VALLEY, by A. H. Warren....................................................................................................... 7 The Countryside................................................................................................................... 7 Drainages and Water Resources.......................................................................................... 8 Climate................................................................................................................................. 8 Rocks of the Ruidoso Valley............................................................................................... 8 Mineral Resources of the Rio Ruidoso Area..................................................................... 10 Artifact Minerals.................................................................................................... 10 Clay Sources.......................................................................................................... 11 Building Materials................................................................................................. 11 The Archaeological Sites................................................................................................... 11 LA 5377................................................................................................................. 11 LA 5378................................................................................................................. 12 LA 5380................................................................................................................. 12 3. BOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE GLENCOE SITES, by Gail Tierney.................................. 13 Geography.......................................................................................................................... 13 Climate............................................................................................................................... 14 Life Zones.......................................................................................................................... 14 Observations and Conjectures............................................................................................ 17 4. METHODS................................................................................................................................ 19 Nope, No Research Design................................................................................................ 19 Excavation Procedures....................................................................................................... 20 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS, continued Page 5. LA 5377..................................................................................................................................... 23 Structures........................................................................................................................... 23 Rectangular Pit House (Feature 3)......................................................................... 23 Two Possible Pit Houses at Feature 6.................................................................... 27 Extramural Hearth.............................................................................................................. 28 Other Test Units................................................................................................................. 29 Feature 1.................................................................................................................29 Feature 2.................................................................................................................30 Feature 4.................................................................................................................30 Feature 5.................................................................................................................30 Feature 6.................................................................................................................30 Feature 7.................................................................................................................30 Feature 8.................................................................................................................31 Feature 9.................................................................................................................31 Feature 10...............................................................................................................31 Feature 12...............................................................................................................31 Feature 13...............................................................................................................31 Feature 15...............................................................................................................31 Discussion.......................................................................................................................... 31 Artifacts..............................................................................................................................32 Wood Specimens for Possible Dating................................................................................32 6. LA 5378..................................................................................................................................... 35 Structures........................................................................................................................... 36 Pit House A (Feature 11), Late Component........................................................... 36 Pit House B (Feature 2), Late Component............................................................. 37 Pit House C (Feature 11), Early Component......................................................... 39 Pit House D (Feature 10), Early Component......................................................... 42 Human Interments.............................................................................................................. 43 Other Test Units................................................................................................................. 44 Feature 3.................................................................................................................44 Feature 4.................................................................................................................44 Feature 5.................................................................................................................44 Feature 6.................................................................................................................45 Feature 7.................................................................................................................45 Feature 8.................................................................................................................45 Feature 9.................................................................................................................45 Feature 12...............................................................................................................45 Feature 13...............................................................................................................46 Discussion.......................................................................................................................... 46 Artifacts..............................................................................................................................46 Wood Specimens for Possible Dating................................................................................48 iv TABLE