Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1994 Characterization and Application of Colloidal Gas Aphrons for Groundwater Remediation. Pradeep Gopal Chaphalkar Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Chaphalkar, Pradeep Gopal, "Characterization and Application of Colloidal Gas Aphrons for Groundwater Remediation." (1994). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5690. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5690 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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Ann Aibor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF COLLOIDAL GAS APHRONS FOR GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural And Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Civil Engineering by Pradeep Gopal Chaphalkar B.E., University of Bombay, Lidia, 1980 M.E., University of Bombay, Lidia, 1986 May 1994 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank my major professor, Dr. Dipak Roy for his encouragement, advice, and especially for his patience. He provided me with an opportunity that made this research work possible. Very special thanks to Dr. Adrian, for his inspiration, guidance and caring. He was the reason that made the study of subsurface environment, an interesting subject for me. Contribution of Dr. Valsaraj has been invaluable in this research. His help is deeply appreciated. Thanks are due to the other members of my committee. Dr. Constant, Dr. Tittlebaum, and Dr. Carney for their suggestions and guidance. Thanks also are due to Dr. Hinz for valuable discussion. The work of this nature could not have been complete without the help and support from my graduate colleagues. Dr. Minwen Liu, Andrew Jackson, Dean Muirhead, Selvi Vidyasagar, and Shabeen Kottai. Special appreciation is expressed for Raghava Rao Kommalapati for his help. Finally, I would like to express my gratefulness to my parents and my family for their encouragement and support. This work is dedicated to them. u Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................ü LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND................................................................................. 1 1.2 DISSERTATION OBJECTIVE AND APPROACH......................... 4 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................... 7 2.1 COLLOIDAL GAS APHRONS......................................................... 7 2.1.1 Size Distribution and Stability of C G A s ........................... 9 2.1.2 Application of CGAs ......................................................... 10 2.2 FOAM FLOATATION................................................................... 11 2.3 SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA ........................... 12 2.4 TRANSPORT OF CGAs IN SO ILS .............................................. 15 2.4.1 Foam Flow in Porous M edia .............................................. 15 CHAPTERS A STUDY OF THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND STABILITY OF COLLOIDAL GAS APHRONS USING PARTICLE SIZE ANALYZER................................. 19 3.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................. 20 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL ........................................................................... 23 3.2.1 Surfactants ............................................................................ 23 3.2.2 Production of CG A s ........................................................... 24 3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION............................................................ 26 3.3.1 Structure of a CGA ........................................................... 26 3.3.2 Parameters of Particle Size Analysis .................................... 27 3.3.3 Microbubble Size Distribution ........................................... 28 3.3.4 Effects of Surfactant Type ................................................. 32 3.3.5 Effects of Surfactant Concentration ................................... 33 3.3.6 Effects of Ionic Concentration ........................................... 37 3.4 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................. 39 in Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER 4 FLOTATION USING MICROGAS DISPERSIONS FOR THE REMOVAL OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS......................... 42 4.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................. 43 4.2 EXPERIMENTAL ............................................................................ 44 4.2.1 Chemicals ............................................................................ 44 4.2.2 Production of CGAs ......................................................... 45 4.2.3 Experimental Setup .............................................................. 46 4.2.4 Analysis ..................................................................................46 4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................... 47 4.3.1 Structure of a CGA ........................................................... 47 4.3.2 Results of Particle Size Analysis of CGAs......................... 47 4.3.3 Ion Flotation ......................................................................... 48 4.3.4 Effects of Surfactant Type on the Removal of PCP .... 51 4.3.5 Effect of pH on the Removal of PCP ...............................54 4.3.6 Effect of Concentration of Surfactant on the Removal o f PCP ..................................................................................56 4.3.7 Comparison of CGA Suspension for Flotation with Conventional Techniques ................................................. 62 4.4 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................. 65 CHAPTER 5 SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN PACKED SAND COLUMNS BY COLLOIDAL GAS APHRONS: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE AND MODELING APPROACH.......................67 5.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................67 5.2 T H E O R Y ............................................................................................... 70 5.2.1 Transport of CGAs