Legal Affairs 2019 N uclear Law Bulletin No. 103 Volume 2019/2 NEA Legal Affairs Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 103 © OECD 2020 NEA No. 7502 NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 36 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published under the responsibility of the OECD Secretary-General. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) was established on 1 February 1958. Current NEA membership consists of 33 countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission also takes part in the work of the Agency. The mission of the NEA is: – to assist its member countries in maintaining and further developing, through international co-operation, the scientific, technological and legal bases required for a safe, environmentally sound and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes; – to provide authoritative assessments and to forge common understandings on key issues as input to government decisions on nuclear energy policy and to broader OECD analyses in areas such as energy and the sustainable development of low-carbon economies. Specific areas of competence of the NEA include the safety and regulation of nuclear activities, radioactive waste management, radiological protection, nuclear science, economic and technical analyses of the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear law and liability, and public information. The NEA Data Bank provides nuclear data and computer program services for participating countries. Also available in French under the title: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 103 LEGAL NOTICE The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development assumes no liability concerning information published in this bulletin. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found online at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2020 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of the OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) [email protected]. Cover photos: Artist’s conception of NuScale Power’s proposed SMR plant (NuScale Power); Pickering nuclear power plant, Ontario (Ontario Power Generation Inc.). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements In addition to the authors of the articles, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions to this edition of the Nuclear Law Bulletin: Mr D. Saumure (Canada); Ms S. Royer-Maucotel and Ms F. Touïtou- Durand (France); Mr M. Hori, Mr R. Ikuma and the Japan Energy Law Institute (JELI) (Japan); Ms U. Adomaitytė (Lithuania); Mr P. Majerus (Luxembourg); Mr A. Dantas and Mr M. Sousa Ferro (Portugal); Mr M. Pospíšil (Slovak Republic); Mr A. Škraban (Slovenia); Ms S. Knopp Pisi (Switzerland); Mr N. Mertz (United States); Mr A. Popov (European Commission); Ms J. Silye (International Atomic Energy Agency); Mr P. Reyners (International Nuclear Law Association); and Ms M. Hanebach (Canadian Nuclear Law Organization). We also would like to thank Mr S.G. Burns for his careful review and support in finalising this edition of the NLB. The information submitted to the NEA by these individuals represents the opinions of the authors alone and does not purport to represent the official views or the policies of their governments or of any other entity. NUCLEAR LAW BULLETIN No. 103/VOL. 2019/2, ISSN 1609-7378, © OECD 2020 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents ARTICLES A perspective on key legal considerations for performance-based regulating by Emily Dandy ........................................................................................................................ 7 STUDIES Technology-neutral licensing of advanced reactors: Evaluating the past and present NRC framework by Maxine Segarnick and Sachin Desai .................................................................................. 37 CASE LAW Japan ...................................................................................................................................... 47 Update on lawsuits related to the government responsibility following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident .......................................................... 47 United States ........................................................................................................................ 49 Virginia Uranium, Inc. v. Warren, 139 S. Ct. 1894 (17 June 2019), affirming the lower court ruling that the Atomic Energy Act did not preempt a ban on conventional uranium mining on non-federal land ....................................................... 49 NRC Atomic Safety and Licensing Board issues decisions in two consolidated interim storage facility cases ............................................................................................. 50 NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY ACTIVITIES Canada .................................................................................................................................. 51 General legislation, regulations and instruments .......................................................... 51 France .................................................................................................................................... 54 Nuclear installations ........................................................................................................... 54 Lithuania ............................................................................................................................... 56 Nuclear safety and radiological protection (including nuclear emergency planning) ............................................................................................................................... 56 Transport of radioactive materials .................................................................................... 56 Luxembourg ......................................................................................................................... 57 Nuclear safety and radiological protection (including nuclear emergency planning) ............................................................................................................................... 57 Portugal ................................................................................................................................. 58 Nuclear safety and radiological protection (including nuclear emergency planning) ............................................................................................................................... 58 Slovak Republic ................................................................................................................... 59 General legislation, regulations and instruments .......................................................... 59 Slovenia ................................................................................................................................ 60 Nuclear safety and radiological protection (including nuclear emergency