2016 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACT BOOK 67th Edition February 2017 PUBLISHED BY American Public Transportation Association American Public Transportation Association 1300 I Street, NW, Suite 1200 East Washington, DC 20005 TELEPHONE: (202) 496-4800 E-MAIL: [email protected] www.apta.com APTA’s Vision Statement Be the leading force in advancing public transportation. APTA’s Mission Statement APTA serves and leads its diverse membership through advocacy, innovation, and information sharing to strengthen and expand public transportation. Published by American Public Transportation Association Richard A. White, Acting President & CEO Written by John Neff, Senior Policy Researcher (202) 496-4812 [email protected] Matthew Dickens, Policy Analyst (202) 496-4817 [email protected] APTA Policy Department Arthur L. Guzzetti, Vice President-Policy PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACT BOOK American Public Transportation Association Washington, DC February 2017 In Memoriam John Neff 1944-2016 John Wesley Neff, Jr, APTA Senior Policy Researcher, passed away peacefully from cancer on November 2, 2016 in Silver Spring, MD. John joined APTA shortly after earning his MS in geography from Southern Illinois University. During his 42 years at APTA, John became the authority on transit industry statistics. Since the late 1970s he has managed the publication of APTA’s Fact Book. This book was his 32nd edition. John’s love of facts, figures, and statistics went beyond the transit industry. He loved baseball and was a member of the Society for American Baseball Research, and a prolific user of Baseball Reference. A beloved colleague, teacher, and friend, John will be missed. Public Transportation Appendices Published on APTA Web Page Appendix A: Historical Tables Appendix A presents select data items for the entire time period they have been reported in the Fact Book and other statistical reports prepared by APTA and its predecessor organizations. Many data items are reported for every year beginning in the 1920s, and ridership is reported from 1907. 2016 Fact Book Appendix A: Historical Tables 2016 Appendix A tables in Excel format Appendix B: Transit Agency and Urbanized Area Operating Statistics Appendix B presents six operating statistics for 2014 for each transit agency in urbanized areas in size order, totaled for all service modes operated by the agency and in size order for each individual mode. Data are also summed and ranked for urbanized areas, both all modes totaled and for individual modes. These lists allow a simple method to determine comparably sized transit agencies. Agencies operating in rural areas are ranked for four operating statistics for agency totals and by mode for each agency and for state-wide totals. Data for Appendix B are taken from the Federal Transit Administration's National Transit Database (NTD) and include only agencies reporting to the NTD. 2016 Appendix B tables in Excel format Appendix C: Urbanized Area Population, Land Area, and Density 1950-2010 The population, land area, and density of each urbanized area is traced from the 1950 Census, when they were first delimited, through the 2010 Census. When UZAs were created, which other UZAs they merged with or were broken off from, and all of the name changes are identified. Population growth from year to year and separate annual tables listing urbanized areas alphabetically and by size are also included. ● Appendix C tables in Excel format Material from the 2016 Public Transportation Fact Book may be quoted or reproduced without obtaining the permission of the American Public Transportation Association. Suggested Identification: American Public Transportation Association: 2016 Public Transportation Fact Book, Washington, DC, February, 2017. TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents APTA AND THE FACT BOOK .................................. 7 Table 10: Vehicle Power Sources by Mode ............. 18 NATIONAL DATA SUMMARY .................................. 8 INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................ 19 Table 1: Number of Public Transportation Table 11: Rail Track Miles and Directional Route Systems by Mode ....................................................... 8 Miles ......................................................................... 19 Table 2: National Totals ............................................. 9 Table 12: Non-Rail Mode Lane Miles and Directional Route Miles ............................................ 20 Table 3: 50 Largest Transit Agencies Ranked by Unlinked Passenger Trips and Passenger Miles ...... 10 Table 13: Passenger Stations by Mode ................... 20 Table 4: 50 Urbanized Areas with the Most Transit Table 14: Maintenance Facilities by Mode ............... 21 Travel, Ranked by Unlinked Passenger Trips, Passenger Miles, and Population ............................. 11 Figure 8: Growth in Percentage of Rail Passenger Stations with Electronic Amenities ........................... 21 PASSENGER TRAVEL ........................................... 12 Table 15: Passenger Station Equipment by Mode ... 21 Table 5: Unlinked Passenger Trips and Passenger Miles by Mode ........................................ 12 PASSENGER STATION PARKING ........................ 22 Figure 1: Transit Ridership is at Highest Level in Table 16: Passenger Station Parking Supply by Four Decades........................................................... 13 Mode ........................................................................ 22 Figure 2: Since 2004 Transit Use Has Grown EMPLOYEES ........................................................... 22 More than Population or Highway Travel ................. 13 Table 17: Employees by Mode and Function ........... 23 Figure 3: Number of Commuters Using Transit for Their Work Trip ................................................... 14 Table 18: Jobs Supported by Transit Expenditures.. 23 Figure 4: Percent of Workers Commuting on Transit ................................................................. 14 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT .............................. 23 Table 19: Vehicle Fuel Consumption by SERVICE PROVIDED .............................................. 14 Mode of Service ....................................................... 24 Table 6: Vehicle Miles Operated, Vehicle Hours Table 20: Energy and Emission Benefits from Operated, and Transit Service Speed by Mode ....... 14 Public Transportation ............................................... 24 MODAL SHARES OF SERVICE PROVIDED Figure 9: Rail Vehicles Have Shown Long-Term AND CONSUMED ................................................... 15 Improvement in the Efficient Use of Electricity ......... 25 Figure 5: Modal Shares of Service Provided Figure 10: Percentage of Buses Powered by and Consumed ......................................................... 15 Alternative Fuels ...................................................... 25 VEHICLES ............................................................... 16 CAPITAL AND OPERATING EXPENSES .............. 25 Table 7: Revenue Vehicles by Mode ....................... 16 Table 21: Capital Expense by Mode and Type ........ 26 Table 8: Vehicle Characteristics by Mode ................ 16 Table 22: Operating Expense by Mode and Function Figure 6: Increase in Transit Vehicle Accessibility ... 17 Class ........................................................................ 26 Table 9: Vehicle Equipment by Mode ....................... 17 Table 23: Operating Expense by Mode and Object Class ...................................................... 27 Figure 7: Growth in Percentage of Buses with Passenger Equipment .............................................. 18 Table 24: Total Expense by Mode ............................ 27 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 11: Comparative Operating Costs Table 37: Commuter Rail and Hybrid Rail Agencies Among Modes .......................................................... 28 Ranked by Unlinked Passenger Trips and Passenger Miles ......................................................................... 44 Table 25: Short-Term Economic Impact per Billion Dollars of National Investment in Transit ....... 28 Table 38: Heavy Rail Agencies Ranked by Unlinked Passenger Trips and Passenger Miles ..................... 45 CAPITAL AND OPERATING FUNDING ................. 29 Table 39: Other Rail Agencies Ranked by Unlinked Table 26: Funding Sources ...................................... 29 Passenger Trips and Passenger Miles by Type of Rail Agency .............................................................. 45 Figure 12: Growth in Capital Funding by Source...... 30 Table 40: Light Rail and Streetcar Agencies Figure 13: Growth in Operating Funding by Source . 30 Ranked by Unlinked Passenger Trips and Passenger Miles ................................................ 46 Table 27: Passenger Fares by Mode ....................... 31 Figure 16: New Rail System Openings .................... 47 TRANSIT SPENDING AND CONTRACTING IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR ..................................... 31 Table 41: Ferryboat Agencies in Urbanized Areas Ranked by Unlinked Passenger Trips and Table 28: Transit Expenditures in the Private Passenger Miles ....................................................... 47 Sector ....................................................................... 31 RURAL AGENCY MODAL DATA ........................... 48 Figure 14: Percent of Revenue Hours Contracted by Mode ................................................................... 32 Table 42: 35 Largest Rural Bus and 12 Largest Rural Commuter Bus Agencies