8/28/2017 George Marshall - Wikipedia George Marshall From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia George Catlett Marshall, Jr. (December 31, 1880 – General of the Army October 16, 1959) was an George Marshall American statesman and soldier. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army under presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, and served as Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense under Truman. He was hailed as the "organizer of victory" by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied 3rd United States Secretary of Defense [5] victory in World War II. In office [1] Born in Uniontown, September 21, 1950 – September 12, 1951 Pennsylvania, Marshall President Harry S. Truman was a 1901 graduate of Preceded by Louis A. Johnson the Virginia Military Succeeded by Robert A. Lovett Institute. After serving briefly as commandant of 50th United States Secretary of State students at the Danville In office Military Academy in January 21, 1947 – January 20, 1949 Danville, Virginia, President Harry S. Truman Marshall received his commission as a second Preceded by James F. Byrnes lieutenant of Infantry in Succeeded by Dean G. Acheson February, 1902. In the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Marshall 1/36 8/28/2017 George Marshall - Wikipedia years after the Spanish– United States Special Envoy to China American War, he served In office in the United States and December 15, 1945 – January 1947 overseas in positions of increasing rank and President Harry S. Truman responsibility, including 15th United States Army Chief of Staff platoon leader and In office company commander in September 1, 1939 – November 18, 1945 the Philippines during the Philippine–American War. President Franklin D. Roosevelt He was the Honor Harry S. Truman Graduate of his Infantry- Preceded by Malin Craig Cavalry School Course in Succeeded by Dwight D. Eisenhower 1907, and graduated first 10th President of the American Red Cross in his 1908 Army Staff College class. In office October 1, 1949 – December 1, 1950 In 1916 Marshall was President Harry S. Truman assigned as aide-de-camp to J. Franklin Bell, the Preceded by Basil O'Connor commander of the Succeeded by E. Roland Harriman Western Department. Personal details After the United States Born George Catlett Marshall, Jr. entered World War I, Marshall served with Bell December 31, 1880 while Bell commanded Uniontown, Pennsylvania, U.S. the Department of the Died October 16, 1959 (aged 78) East. He was assigned to Walter Reed Hospital the staff of the 1st Washington, D.C., U.S. Division, and assisted Political party Nonpartisan[2] with the organization's mobilization and training Spouse(s) Elizabeth Carter Coles in the United States, as (m. 1902; her death 1927) well as planning of its Katherine Boyce Tupper Brown combat operations in (m. 1930; his death 1959) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Marshall 2/36 8/28/2017 George Marshall - Wikipedia France. Subsequently Alma mater Virginia Military Institute assigned to the staff of the Profession Soldier · Statesman American Expeditionary Forces headquarters, he Awards Army Distinguished Service Medal was a key planner of (2) American operations Silver Star including the Meuse- Nobel Peace Prize Argonne Offensive. Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (United Kingdom) After the war, Marshall Legion of Honour (France) was assigned as an aide- de-camp to John J. World War I Victory Medal Pershing, who was then World War II Victory Medal serving as the Army's Croix de Guerre (France) Chief of Staff. He later Congressional Gold Medal served on the Army staff, Signature commanded the 15th Infantry Regiment in China, and was an Military service instructor at the Army Allegiance United States of America War College. In 1927, he Service/branch United States Army became assistant [3] commandant of the Years of 1902–1959 Army's Infantry School, service where he modernized Rank General of the Army command and staff Unit Infantry Branch processes, which proved to be of major benefit Commands Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army during World War II. In 5th Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division 1932 and 1933 he Fort Moultrie and District I, commanded the 8th Civilian Conservation Corps Infantry Regiment and 8th Infantry Regiment Fort Screven, Georgia. 15th Infantry Regiment Battles/wars Philippine–American War https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Marshall 3/36 8/28/2017 George Marshall - Wikipedia Marshall commanded 5th World War I Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division and Vancouver Western Front Barracks from 1936 to Meuse-Argonne Offensive 1938, and received World War II promotion to brigadier Chinese Civil War general. During this command, Marshall was Operation Beleaguer also responsible for 35 Civilian Conservation Korean War Corps (CCC) camps in Oregon and southern College football career Washington. In July 1938, Position Tackle Marshall was assigned to the War Plans Division on Career history the War Department staff, College VMI (1900) and he was subsequently Career highlights and awards appointed as the Army's Deputy Chief of Staff. All-Southern (1900) When Chief of Staff Malin Craig retired in 1939, Marshall became acting Chief of Staff, and then Chief of Staff. He served as Chief of Staff until the end of the war in 1945. As Chief of Staff, Marshall organized the largest military expansion in U.S. history, and received promotion to five-star rank as General of the Army. Marshall coordinated Allied operations in Europe and the Pacific until the end of the war; in addition to being hailed as the organizer of Allied victory by Winston Churchill, Time magazine named Marshall its Man of the Year for 1943. Marshall retired from active service in 1945, but remained on active duty, a requirement for holders of five-star rank.[6] In late 1945 and early 1946 he served as a special envoy to China in an unsuccessful effort to negotiate a coalition government between the Nationalist of Chiang Kai-shek and Communists under Mao Zedong. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Marshall 4/36 8/28/2017 George Marshall - Wikipedia As Secretary of State from 1947 to 1949, Marshall received credit for the Marshall Plan for Europe's post-war rebuilding, the success of which was recognized with award of the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize.[7] After resigning as Secretary of State, Marshall served as chairman of American Battle Monuments Commission[8] and president of the American National Red Cross. As Secretary of Defense at the start of the Korean War, Marshall worked to restore the military's confidence and morale at the end of its post-World War II demobilization and then its initial buildup for combat in Korea and operations during the Cold War. After resigning as Defense Secretary, Marshall retired to his home in Virginia. He died in 1959 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Contents 1 Early life 2 Entry into the Army and the Philippines 3 World War I 4 Between World War I and II 5 World War II 5.1 Expands military force fortyfold 5.2 Replacement system criticized 5.3 Planned invasion of Europe 6 Analysis of Pearl Harbor intelligence failure 7 Post War: China 8 Secretary of State and Nobel Peace Prize 9 Secretary of Defense 9.1 Korean War 9.1.1 Relief of General MacArthur 10 Retirement 11 Death and burial https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Marshall 5/36 8/28/2017 George Marshall - Wikipedia 12 Reputation and legacy 13 Family life 14 Fictional portrayals 15 Dates of rank 16 Awards and decorations 16.1 U.S. military honors 16.2 Foreign orders 16.3 Foreign decorations and medals 16.4 Civilian honors 17 Bibliography 18 See also 19 References 19.1 Primary sources 20 Further reading 21 External links Early life George Catlett Marshall, Jr., was born into a middle-class family in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, the son of George Catlett Marshall, Sr. and Laura Emily (née Bradford) Marshall.[9] Marshall was a scion of an old Virginia family, as well as a distant relative of former Chief Justice John [10] 1900 VMI Keydets football team. Marshall. Marshall graduated from the Marshall encircled Virginia Military Institute (VMI),[11] where he was initiated into the Kappa Alpha Order in 1901.[12] He was an All-Southern tackle for the VMI Keydets varsity football team in 1900.[13][14] Entry into the Army and the Philippines https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Marshall 6/36 8/28/2017 George Marshall - Wikipedia Following graduation from VMI in 1901, Marshall sat for a competitive examination for a commission in the U.S. Army.[15] While awaiting the results he took the position of Commandant of Students at the Danville Military Institute in Danville, Virginia.[16] Marshall passed the exam and was commissioned a second lieutenant in February, 1902.[17] Prior to World War I, he was posted to various positions in the United States and the Philippines, including serving as an infantry platoon leader and company commander during the Philippine–American War and other guerrilla uprisings. He was schooled and trained in modern warfare, including a tour at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas from 1906 to 1910 as both a student and an instructor.[18] He was the Honor Graduate of his Infantry-Cavalry School Course in 1907, and graduated first in his 1908 Army Staff College class.[19] After another tour of duty in the Philippines, Marshall returned to the United States in 1916 to serve as aide-de-camp to the commander of the Western Department, former Army chief of staff Major General J. Franklin Bell, at the Presidio in San Francisco. After the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917, Marshall relocated with Bell to Governors Island, New York when Bell was reassigned as commander of the Department of the East.