Gram Panchayat Spatial Development Plan Dec 2020 for Ministry of Panchayati Raj Government of India Uppunda Gram Panchayat Spatial Development Plan-2020 Uppunda ii PROJECT TEAM Manipal School of Architecture and Planning(MSAP), Udupi District, Karnataka Overall Co-ordination: Dr. Deepika Shetty, Director and Professor, MSAP Project Team: Dr. Udaya Shankara HN, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, MIT, Manipal Shri. Lino Yovan, Research Associate, MIT, Manipal Ms. Joicy KJ, Associate Professor, MSAP Shri. Shanta Pragyan Dash, Assistant Professor, MSAP Ms. Ipsitaa Priyadarsini Das, Assistant Professor, MSAP Shri. Amarnath Sharma, Assistant Professor, MSAP Ms. Rituka Kapur, Assistant Professor, MSAP Shri. Satyaprakash Das, Assistant Professor, MSAP Ms. Sanjana Shetty, Assistant Professor, MSAP Ms. Sasmita Chand, Assistant Professor, MSAP Ms. Krutika Madkaiker, Assistant Professor, MSAP Ms. Sharvani Bhat, Student Intern, MSAP Masters students from second year Masters in urban design and development. (M.Arch. MUDD), MSAP Aadityaraj Jain Kotian Gaurav Srinivasa Rahul Menon Sidhartha Sunil Dutt Praveen Kumar R Harnoor Dhillon Pooja Pankajbhai Mehta Kanchi Madhulika R Auna Sando Abhijna Tanya .M. Thimmaiah Aayushman Singh Bhati Gayathrie J R P Harini Sarvani Gundu Pinki Bose Akkamahadevi Aman Kashyap Debjani Das Regional Remote Sensing Centre - South / NRSC / ISRO, Bengaluru Overall Co-ordination: Dr. Sudha R., Scientist ‘SG’ Project Team: Dr. K.S. Ramesh Head, Applications Dr. Rama Subramoniam S. Scientist ‘SF’ Smt. Shivam Trivedi Scientist ‘SE’ Smt. Manjula V. Bhagwat Scientist ‘SD’ RC-North (New Delhi) Team and RC- Hyderabad Team: Provided inputs on satellite datasets and thematic layers (SIS-DP Phase-I), household survey data and results of run-off estimation. Overall Technical Guidance: Dr. C. S. Jha Outstanding Scientist & CGM, RCs, NRSC Dr. K. Ganesha Raj General Manager, RC-South Dr V M Chowdary DGM, RRSC-North, NRSC Dr K Chandrasekar Head, RC-Hyderabad, NRSC iii Gram Panchayat Spatial Development Plan-2020 Uppunda ACKNOWLEDGMENT I appreciate the trust laid by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India (MoPR), Shri. Sunil Kumar, Secretary MoPR (In Chair), Shri. K.S Sethi, Joint Secretary, Governance Division, MoPR, for giving us the opportunity for working on this Gram Panchayat Spatial Development Proposal for Karnataka. Shri Sunil Kumar’s unstinted support ensured project progress and its completion. I would like to thank Shri Vishnu Chandra and Sri. Udaya Kumar, DDG-NIC, Dr. C.S Jha, CGM, NRSC, Shri. V.M. Chaudhury, DGM, NRSC and Shri. Vinod Sharma, NRSC and State Coordinator for Karnataka Dr. Sudha Ravindranath, NRSC who made this work possible through their guidance and invaluable support throughout all stages during the progress of the project. We could not have succeeded in the study without the relevant data and maps made available to us whole- heartedly by NRSC team. I would wish to express our gratitude to Smt. Uma Mahadevan, IAS, Principal Secretary (Panchayat Raj), Smt. Priyanka Mary Francis, IAS, Commissioner, Panchayat Raj, Karnataka and Ms. Preeti Gehlot, IAS, CEO, Zilla Panchayat (Udupi District) for providing their valuable observation and practical suggestions on the study. I am grateful towards Shri. G.D. Madhar, Administrator, Uppunda Gram Panchayat, Shri. Riyaz Ahmed, PDO, Smt. Girija, Secretary all members and officials of Uppunda Gram Panchayat who showed keen interest to extend their support for data collection. My sincere thanks also goes to the volunteers Shri. Narsimha, Shri. Amrut Kumar, Ms. Srinidhi, Ms. Veena, Ms. Sridevi, Ms. Srimathi, Ms. Mamata, Shri. Sandesh, Shri. Nagaraj and Shri Chikkaya who helped the team for ward wise household surveys and accompanied the team to various identified sites and ensured that all the related information was made available. I acknowledge the support and recommendations of Shri. U Sandesh Bhat, Shri. Mohan Chandra and Shri. Praveen Chandra (Social workers Uppunda Gram panchayat) and Panchayat Officials for their active participation during the focused group discussion, Shri. Amrut Kumar, Shri. Riyaz Ahmed (PDO, Uppunda Gram panchayat) and Narsimha, (Bill Collector) Shri. Praveen Chandra and Shri. Mohan Chandra (Social workers) for their valuable inputs during the stakeholders meeting. I also acknowledge the Student Volunteers Achinta Shetty, Akansksha Shetty, Ayush Purohit, Namrata Rao, Pramod, Sanjana Shenoy and Srima Shetty for their support for the conduct of household surveys. I am thankful to the Students of Masters in Urban Design and Development Tanya MT, Sarvani G., Gayathrie J., Aadityaraj J, Rahul M, Debjani Das, Praveen Kumar, Auna Sando, Akkamahadevi, Pooja Mehta, R P Harini, Harnoor D, K Madhulika, Aman K, Ayushman S, Gaurav K, Pinki B, Siddhartha S, Abhijna for their timely contribution towards the project. I am grateful to Manipal Academy of Higher Education for the permission and support facilities for the project. iv Manipal School of Architecture and Planning EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The project was to develop model plan for spatial development Plan as conceived by Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India, to be futuristic and create a way forward for the next 20-30 years. The basic goal of the project was taken as Sustainable- Balance which can last, which can be maintained over long period of time, beyond economy, GDP, Per capita income criteria, and Development – which is better, gives more opportunities, gives better facilities, beyond growth and different from bigger the better concept. The four pillars of sustainability were developed through study of the context with the following layers as the foundation. First basic foundation which cannot be changed and has to be the basis of all decisions is the ‘Kestra’. This layer is developed by studying the natural setting, the geography, climate, flora, fauna, geology, hydrology etc. The second layer which needs to be respected and is essential to develop identity of the place is the ‘Loka’. This layer studies the paradigm of the context which has evolved over time through historic events, beliefs, traditions and evolution of settlement pattern. The third layer which understands the dynamics of the settlement and its needs is ‘Desa’. It is understood through the social and economic status of the place, the governance system, the political structure, the demographic distribution, occupational characteristics, income etc. The final layer assesses the present resources and facilities available is ‘Kala’. This layer is developed through documentation of the physical infrastructure for basic services and social facilities of the settlements. Added to this the systems of operation in place for transportation, housing, education, healthcare, waste management, providing various services etc., is studied noting the efficiency and deficiencies of the same. The next stage in the project involved bench marking the goals of the future plans for the settlement looking at the aspirations of the people at the village level, the goals set at district level and state level and finally the vision of future at national level. Here the idea was to remove the gap of development between rural and urban with an idea that rural is as good a place to settle as an urban setting. The goals were to look at rural as a driver of future economic and social welfare of the country. Whenever we set the future development plan it is important that we see that the plan proposed is change for the good. We should plan for the resource management, the waste management and an enabling setting for the people of the place. The context of Udupi District is that of a land where west side is the Arabian sea and the eastern side is the Western ghats. It has a unique geography where the altitude changes from 1000m to 0m above mean sea level across 10km making it a steep terrain. Its climate is that of hot and humid, and receives very high rainfall of around 4000mm per year. The 196km of coastline is punctuated by five rivers originating from the western ghats and having a web of tributaries and drains across the land. The settlement consists of a web of small and medium sized villages scattered all over the district in three vertical belts. The population is highest along the coast with the national highway and most of the medium sized towns are here, the midland is agricultural development with medium density and large villages and the ghats strip in the east is the low density village settlements in a predominantly forest area. The terrain and settlement go hand in hand, with the form of settlement as scattered development, and the rural and urban form merging along the roads in a gradual manner. The proposal is to create a web of such development centers which includes urban centers and gram panchayats which provide the necessary facilities to nurture and support the future of the people. The project took one month of July collecting data from secondary sources, planning the formats of data collection and creating checklists, questionnaires and building of team for the project. The next month of August went in creating base maps, getting app from NRSC, meeting the gram panchayat members and administrators of the district and briefing the team of volunteers. The following month of September was spent in collecting the data from the villages and reviewing it with the assessment of satellite maps, documenting facilities, infrastructure with household surveys, focused group discussions etc. We also got maps from NRSC with higher accuracy for base maps. The month of Oct was spent in developing the vision plan, detailing the concept and creating the masterplan in consultation with the administrators of state, district, gram panchayats and stakeholders of the village. End of Oct and Nov there were review meetings and presentations to all stakeholders, administrators and state coordinators whose comments, observations and suggestions were incorporated in the final proposal. • Uppunda is part of 17 important biospheres listed by the UNESCO as Tallur Biosphere. Uppunda is a high-density EXECUTIVE SUMMARY low risk zone with 200 dwelling per sq.km.