<7/« AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE VOL. 17, NO. 5 JOURNAL MAY, 1940 *IOR P2IIIK m •RELUME This is what we call FOREIGN SERVICE! * After checking up, frankly, we were surprised that our staff of interpreters master no fewer than 22 languages, including Esperanto. This is just another reason why the men and women in the Foreign Service experience no hesitancy about sending us their New York- bound friends and acquaintances. The Hotel New Yorker has long been Foreign Service Headquarters in New York because of its convenient location—handy to every¬ thing you want to see or do in this fascinating town of ours. Make it your home when you are again on leave in New York. This is the nearest large hotel to all the principal piers and is con¬ nected by private tunnel to Pennsylvania Station. Four popular priced restaurants. Ten minutes, ten cents to the New York World’s Fair Grounds. ★ 2500 Rooms from $3.50 Hotel NEW YORKER 34TH STREET AT EIGHTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Frank L. Andrews, President Leo A. Molony, Manager CONTENTS MAY, 1940 For Prize Contest Notice See Page 268 Cover Picture The Royal Palace at Bran, Transylvania, Rumania (See also page 268) Rumania Under King Caroll II By Robert Coe 241 Photograph of Secretary Hull 245 Highland Gold of Brazil By Richard D. Gatewood 247 The Directors General of the Pan American Union By Rogelio E. Alfaro 249 Coast Guard Good Will Cruise—Mexico, Central America and Panama—1940 252 Accident in Mexico By Mrs. Howell Moorhead 253 The United States Antarctic Service By Hugh S. Camming, Jr 254 Address by Ambassador Joseph C. Grew 256 Editors’ Column THE Appointment of Permanent Committee on Education 258 News from the Department "AMERICAN WAY" By Reginald P. Mitchell 259 Letter 261 For Passengers and Freight News from the Field 262 TO AND FROM The Bookshelf J. Rives Childs, Review Editor 264 THE Early Records of the Consulate at Zanzibar By E. Talbot Smith 266 MEDITERRANEAN Foreign Service Changes 270 AND Service Glimpses 271 Births 272 BLACK SEA Promotions 274 ♦ The Theodore Marriner Memorial Expedition.... 277 In Memoriam 281 Home Office: Trade Agreement Notes By Granville Woodard 282 AMERICAN EXPORT LINES Visitors 296 25 BROADWAY - - - NEW YORK European Headquarters: Issued monthly by the American Foreign Service Asso¬ ciation, Department of State, Washington, D. C. Entered VIA GARIBALDI, 3 - - GENOA, ITALY as second-class matter at the Post Office in Washington, D. C., under the act of March 3, 1879. THEODORE ROOSEVELT TO FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT WM. HOWARD TAFT WOODROW WILSON WARREN G. HARDING CALVIN COOLIDGE HERBERT HOOVER 1905 1940 PHOTOGRAPHING NATIONAL NOTABLES FOR THIRTY-FIVE YEARS HARRIS &. EWING 1313 F Street, N. W. Washington, D. C, Phone NAtional 8700 238 INDEX FOR ADVERTISERS American Export Lines - 237 American Security and Trust Company 1 — 269 CONFIDENCE Bacardi, Santiago de Cuba 295 Bowling Green Storage & Van Co. 289 B re wood (Engravers) 292 IN A NAME Calvert School 293 Campbell, W. D. Co - 292 Cathay Hotel—Shanghai —- 295 Chase National Bank — 277 Continental Hotel—Paris . 295 Crillon Hotel—Paris — 295 Fairfax Hotel 294 Fessenden School, The 291 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co 240 France et Choiseul Hotel Paris 295 Grace Line .. 286 Harris & Ewing - - - 238 Hay-Adams House 294 International Telephone & Telegraph Co. —. 279 Kressmann & Co., Ed.—Bordeaux 295 Manhattan Storage & Warehouse Company 272 Mayflowei I I<>t« l 281 OR the past 73 years, America’s lead¬ Metropole Hotel—Shanghai 295 F Moore-McCormack Lines 296 ing machine and equipment builders have recommended the use of Gargoyle National City Bank 273 National Geographic Magazine - _ 275 Industrial Lubricants. New England Mutual Life Insurance Co. 292 New Yorker Hotel II COVER Important, too, is the fact that plant engineers the world over specify Gargoyle Pacific Fisheries, Assn, of 294 Pan-American Airways, Inc. 277 Lubricants for the valuable equipment Park Hotel—Shanghai 295 in their care. Today, Socony-Vacuum Plaza Hotel 288 products protect leading plants in more Sapp, Earle W., C.L.U 292 than 100 different industries! Savoy-Plaza Hotel r 272 Schenley Products 284 This preference for Gargoyle Lubricants Sea Captains’ Shop, The—Shanghai 295 by technical men — builders and engi¬ Security Storage Company of Washington 269 Sloane, W. & J 287 neers skilled in scientific machine opera¬ Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc. 239 tion — is a symbol of satisfaction in Southern Engraving Company ..... Ill COVER Socony-Vacuum products ... of confi¬ Turner’s Diplomatic School 293 Tyner. Miss E. J. 292 dence in the name, Socony-Vacuum. This Underwood Elliott Fisher Company ... 276 United Fruit Company . ....._ 293 confidence is Soeony- United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company 288 Vacuum’s most Waldorf-Astoria Hotel IV COVER valued asset. Woodward & Lothrop 280 SOCONY-VACUUM OIL CO., INC. Please mention THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL when writing to Advertisers. 239 CHAMPIONS WINNERS IN EVERY 1939 NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP AUTOMOBILE RACE I wouldn’t use ;tny tire without want longest mileage ns well as the blowout protection of greatest safety. 1 have driven Safety-I.ock ( iunx-Dipped cords. them more than 1,500,000 Only Firestone Champion Tires miles without an accident and give you this feature. That’s broken 290 speed records. why I use them exclusively. Mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah, and World’s Safest Driver. Holds Winner, 500-mile Indianapolis more records than any other driver Race, 1937 and 1939. I wouldn’t drive in a Pike's All tires are not alike. Firestone Peak Climb without Firestone Champion Tires have patented Champion Tires on my car. and exclusive construction That Gear-Grip tread always features which protect my life holds the road. They are the it takes the strongest tires made to withstand the against blowouts and skidding only tires I’ll trust with my life. terrific impact of a high-speed landing. That’s why and deliver longest mileage. 1 use Firestone Tires on my racing planes and on my automobiles. Only man ever to win the annual Winner of the 1939 National Cham¬ Pike’s Peak Climb five times pionship Race at Syracuse, New York Only 3-timc winner of Thompson Trophy Race and holder of more air speed records than any other pilot in the world ; I *HESE world famous drivers know tires. between tread and cord body, 35% greater heat Profit from their experiences! Get the patented protection against blowouts than any comparable advantages of Firestone Champion Tires. They tire we have ever built. They are the safest have 3,456 sharp-edged angles for greater tires that money can buy. Here’s premium protection against skidding. They give 11% performance without premium price. Have longer non-skid mileage, 27% stonger bond your nearby dealer equip your car today! THE ONLY TIKES MADE THAT ARE SAFETY-PROVED ON THE SPEEDWAY FOR YOUR PROTECTION ON THE HIGHWAY Copyright, 1910, The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. THE FOREIGN JOURNAL rtf PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION VOL. 17, No. 5 WASHINGTON, D. C. MAY, 1940 Hiiinania Under King Carol II By ROBERT COE, Division of European Affairs RUMANIA today With regard to her has a population area Rumania’s ac¬ of almost 20,000,000 quisitions after the last and an area approxi¬ war were enormous. mating that of Italy. To the Old Kingdom, In a breakdown of her or Regat, which was population one of the composed of Moldavia chief difficulties con¬ and Wallachia, were fronting the Rumanian added Bessarabia, State is apparent. Of Transylvania, the Bu- the total number of kowina and part of the persons inhabiting the Banat. (The Southern country some 13,500,- Dobrudja had been 000 are Rumanians, ceded by Bulgaria in hut there are 1,500,000 1913). With the ac¬ Hungarians, 800,000 quisition of these lands Germans, 8 0 0,000 it is readily under¬ Jews (some 200,000 of standable that Ru¬ whom have not estab¬ mania’s policy has been lished their claim to the maintenance of the Rumanian citizenship status quo. She has, due to the require¬ however, been beset by ments as to length of a number of obstacles residence in the coun¬ in the pursuit of her try) 500.000 Ukrain¬ aim of continuity. ians. 375,000 Bulgars These include the and. to make up the aforementioned large remainder, a miscel¬ and clamorous minori¬ lany of Russians, Tar¬ ties, the territorial re¬ tars, Serbs, Slovaks, visionism desired by Poles, Turks, Greeks, her neighbors, internal and Gypsies. Valley of the Mures River, Transylvania political dissension, the 241 activities of the Iron Guard, marketing of her pro¬ many varied vicissitudes, continued to guide the duce abroad, German efforts to subject Rumanian destinies of the country. economy to that of the Reich, and many other prob¬ The importance of the ruling house in the his¬ lems, social, economic and political. (Due to limi¬ tory of the Kingdom of Rumania should not be tation of space it is only possible to touch on some overlooked. Carol I, a vigorous, strong king, was of these questions). succeeded during the last war by his nephew Fer¬ The domination of the Rumanian people by the dinand I. During the latter’s reign a break was Ottoman Empire ended in the latter half of the XIX made with Hohenzollern family ties and with Ger¬ century. After the Crimean War the seeds of the man tradition by the Rumanian entry into the war nation were sown by the election of a native Prince, on the side of the Allied powers. Rumania was of John Cuza, and the selection of Bucharest as the course overrun by the German armies, and the coun¬ capital of the newly christened principality of Ru¬ try had a sample of what it means to be vanquished mania.