DOCUMENT RESUME ED 451 090 SO 032 392 AUTHOR Pearson, Patricia; Percoco, James; Sossaman, Stephen; Wilson, Rob TITLE Vietnam: Echoes from the Wall. History, Learning and Leadership through the Lens of the Vietnam War Era. Teachers' Guide. INSTITUTION Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1999-00-00 NOTE 162p.; Compiled by Rima Shaffer. Project Underwriters include WinStar Communications, Inc., CNN, Turner Learning, The Kimsey Foundation, E*Trade Group, Inc., and Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States. National Sponsors include Association of the U.S. Army, McCormick Tribune Foundation, Merrill Lynch and Co. Foundation, Inc., Pepsi Cola Company, The Quaker Oats Company, the New York Times Learning Network, and State Street Corporation. Contributors include Exxon Corporation, Phillips Petroleum Company, Pfizer Inc., Showtime Networks Inc., Sunstrand Corporation, Tenneco Inc., United Technologies, Citigroup Foundation, and USAA. AVAILABLE FROM Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, 1023 15th Street, NW, Second Floor, Washington, DC 20005; Tel: 202-393-0090; Fax: 202-393-0029; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.vvmf.org; Web site: http://www.teachvietnam.org/. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Cultural Context; Foreign Countries; High Schools; *History Instruction; Learning Modules; *Political Issues; Primary Sources; Student Research; Teaching Guides; *Thinking Skills; *United States History; Vietnam Veterans; *Vietnam War IDENTIFIERS Historical Research; Team Learning; Vietnam; *Vietnam Veterans Memorial; Vietnam War Literature ABSTRACT Today, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial (The Wall) has moved beyond its role as an international symbol of healing and stands as a living history lesson, but many of today's young people have a limited knowledge of the Vietnam War. This guide consists of an interactive curriculum enabling teachers to delve into the lessons of that chaotic period and charge their students with becoming enlightened historians and informed citizens. The guide contains materials and student assignments to support two complementary approaches to teaching the history of the Vietnam War. It has six separate modules covering various aspects of that era. Each module, in turn, consists of two sections which can be used separately or in combination, and each module contains supplementary material in the appendixes. The guide may be used:(1) as stand-alone lessons to be taught in a traditional format; (2) as a basis for team learning where student teams teach their classmates about the war; or (3) in customized combinations, teaching some lessons in a more traditional format and some lessons using team learning. Students will use primary source material to conduct historical research; exercise critical and reflective thinking; identify and empathize with the historical experience of others; develop group interaction skills, and engage leadership and Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. citizenship skills. Contains biographic notes, a glossary, and an extensive bibliography. (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. f. Vietnam: Echoes from the Wall. History, Learning and Leadership through the Lens of the Vietnam War Era. Teachers' Guide. Pearson, Patricia Percoco, James Sossaman, Stephen Wilson, Rob Shaffer, Rima, Comp. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS CENTER (ERIC) BEEN GRANTED BY This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES document do not necessarily represent INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) official OERI position or policy. 1 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 I ECHOES FROM THE WALL ".1 HISTORY, LEARNING ..3 AND LEADERSHIP - THROUGH THE. a LENS OF THE VIETNAM WAR ERA The Vietnam War era --a tumultuous period in American history continues to cast a lingering shadow on politics and culture. Echoes From The Wall, an interactive educational tool, goes beyond the history of that era, enabling every ----"' high school student to gain a heightened sense of responsibility, leadership, and global understanding. ' TEACH ERS"7,--, );,1 . t A / 1 GUIDE 1.1. ,- . 11, '- 41 ' .D ©Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, 1999 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword 4 Acknowledgments 5 Sponsors 6 The Lessons of the Vietnam War Era 8 How this teachers' guide is organized 8 About the VVMF Education Website 9 Leadership matrix 10 Other special features in the teachers' guide 12 Using team learning to teach young historians about the Vietnam War era 12 Hints for building effective learning teams 13 Some tools for team learning 13 Evaluating student participation in team learning 15 Module 1: Escalating Involvement in the Vietnam War 16 Activity: jigsaw teaching method 17 Activity: probing analogies about the Vietnam War 20 Team learning module 1: escalating involvement in the Vietnam War 23 Team activity: escalating involvement in the Vietnam War 23 Module 2: Conflict on the Home Front 24 Activity: what songs about the Vietnam War say about support for the war 25 Activity: pro-war and anti-war arguments 25 Activity: historic precedent for civil disobedience 26 Activity: interviewing eyewitnesses to history 26 Activity: the historical head, images from the home front 26 Activity: learning log or guided classroom discussion module summary 29 Activity: role of the media in the Vietnam War 29 Team learning module 2: conflict on the home front 30 Team activity: conflict on the home front 30 Team activity: documentary about pro- and anti-war demonstrations 30 Team activity: using primary sources to learn about pro- and anti-war positions 31 Team activity: radio documentary about the war at home 31 Module 3: Those Who Served 32 Activity: choosing what to do, learning log assignment 33 Activity: living history, choosing to serve or not to serve 34 Activity: demographics of the draft 35 Activity: letters home 35 Activity: historical head 36 Activity: learning log question 38 Activity: the lessons of My Lai 38 Activity: the POW experience 42 Activity: poems of the Vietnam War 43 Team learning module 3: those who served 44 Team activity: Hollywood goes to war 44 Module 4: The Vietnamese and Vietnam 45 Activity: key players in North and South Vietnam 46 Activity: contrasting the official North Vietnamese view with the official U.S. view 46 Activity: the legacy of American attitudes toward Asians in previous wars 46 Activity: the culture of Vietnam 46 Activity: poem for a child from Honai 46 Activity: understanding our allies in South Vietnam 46 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Activity: the VC and the NVA 47 Activity: North Vietnamese POWs 47 Activity: the impact of the war on Vietnamese civilians 47 Activity: Vietnamese culture and the war 47 Team learning module 4: the Vietnamese and Vietnam 48 Team activity: the Vietnamese and Vietnam 48 Module 5: The Wall as Healer 49 Activity: comparing the veterans' welcome home in World War II to the Vietnam veterans' homecoming 50 Activity: the effect of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial 50 Activity: Maya Ying Lin and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial 50 Activity: poetry about The Wall 50 Activity: Maya Ying Lin 50 Team learning module 5: The Wall as healer 52 Team activity: effect of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial 52 Module 6: The Legacy of the Vietnam War 53 Activity: the experience of the Vietnamese refugee 54 Activity: comparing refugee experiences 54 Activity: probing the analogy of fighting limited wars 54 Activity: the Vietnam Syndrome 54 Activity: the economic effect of the war on Vietnam and Southeast Asia 54 Activity: an American veteran returns to Vietnam 55 Activity: regional cooperation in Southeast Asia 55 Activity: the legacy of PTSD 55 Activity: the legacy of MIAs 56 Activity: the war's deadly legacies 56 Team learning module 6: the legacy of the Vietnam War 57 Team activity: the Vietnamese boat people 57 Team activity: living history interview 57 Team activity: comparing immigrant experiences 57 Team activity: the impact of Agent Orange 57 Team activity: a virtual visit to Vietnam 58 Team activity: legacy of peace and courage 58 Team activity: keeping the peace at your school by starting a peer mediation program 58 Appendices 59 Appendix for module 1 61 Background information 61 Background information on the War Powers Act 61 Module 1: appendix A Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 62 Module 1: appendix B The War Powers Act of 1973 62 Appendix for module 2 67 Background information 67 Module 2: appendix A = excerpts, Port Huron Statement, 1962 68 Module 2: appendix B column, Dear Abby 70 Module 2: appendix C lyrics, Where Have All The Flowers Gone? 71 Module 2: appendix D lyrics, Ohio 72 Module 2: appendix E excerpts, Hell No We Won't Go! 72 1,1 Module 2: appendix F excerpts, The Strength Not To Fight 76 Appendix for module 3 77 Background information 77 Module 3: appendix A inviting Vietnam veterans to share their oral histories with your students 77 6 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Module 3: appendix B women in the Vietnam War 83 Module 3: appendix C African Americans in the Vietnam War 83 Module 3: appendix D Hispanic Americans in the Vietnam War 85 Module 3: appendix E tables, Working -Class War 85 Module 3: appendix F excerpts, Dear America: Letters Home From Vietnam 87