Introduction • Origin • Why Time-Sharing is good • Batch VS Time-Sharing • Sun Technologies Time-Sharing • MIT CTSS System • Operating systems • Teletype • 1st computers developed for TS Seminar in computer History CS236801 1 Seminar in computer History CS236801 2 Origin - Claim to the Term Why Time-Sharing is good • “Time Sharing” or “Time-Sharing” (1957-1966) • Who invented the term : “Time-Sharing” ? • Most of the time the CPU is idle • Waiting for input/output Seminar in computer History CS236801 3 Seminar in computer History CS236801 4 Time-Sharing Multitasking • Multiple tasks, also known as processes, • Time-sharing refers to sharing a computing share common processing resources such resources among many users by multitasking as a CPU • Hardware only design to support the TS while • Illusion of parallelism is achieved software is responsible to all TS • Lots of users at the same time Seminar in computer History CS236801 5 Seminar in computer History CS236801 6 1 Why Time-Sharing is good Batch vs. Time-Sharing Finance • Sharing devices – one main computers and the rest • Batch are terminals Advantage - • Saves CPU unused time while waiting for others I/O • Efficient for ensuring that computer not sitting idle • Jobs can run unsupervised Seminar in computer History CS236801 7 Seminar in computer History CS236801 8 Batch vs. Time-Sharing Batch vs. Time-Sharing • Batch • Time-Sharing Disadvantage – Advantage – • Takes hours/overnight to see results • Work directly with the computer • Not interactive and see results immediately • Single user at the same time • CPU is used most of the time • CPU can be idle most of the time Seminar in computer History CS236801 9 Seminar in computer History CS236801 10 Batch vs. Time-Sharing Sun Microsystems • Time-Sharing • Unix's influence in academic circles led to Disadvantages large-scale adoption of Unix by • Much more expensive to develope commercial startups, the most notable of • Hard to implement which is Sun Microsystems. • New hardware Seminar in computer History CS236801 11 Seminar in computer History CS236801 12 2 Sun Microsystems Sun - 1 • Bill Joy studied at Berkeley, released the • The first generation of UNIX computer first free version of UNIX (1978) operating workstations and servers produced by Sun system which is now known as BSD UNIX • Less than 200 Sun-1 systems were sold • Later he co-founded Sun Microsystems • The CPU board used a 10 MHz in 1982 • Had 256 KB of RAM, (Max 4MB) Seminar in computer History CS236801 13 Seminar in computer History CS236801 14 Sun - 2 Sun386i • Had a 10 MHz which enabled it to be the first • An Intel 80386-based machine Sun architecture to run a full virtual memory Sun architecture to run a full virtual memory • Was designed to be a hybrid system, running UNIX implementation, SunOS 1.0 SunOS but at the same time supporting DOS • 8MB of physical and 16MB of virtual memory applications • A follow-up "486i" - a few prototype units were ever manufactured Seminar in computer History CS236801 15 Seminar in computer History CS236801 16 Sun Workstations Sun SPARC • Sun was predominantly a vendor of • SPARCstation 1 system introduced. Features technical workstations, competing are so tightly integrated it fits in a 3-16-16-inch successfully as a low-cost vendor during enclosure - the first "pizza box." the Workstation Wars of the 1980s • In 1990 - new models including the first workstation for under $5,000 • In 1987 Sun takes lead in workstation market Seminar in computer History CS236801 17 Seminar in computer History CS236801 18 3 The MIT CTSS System The MIT CTSS System • CTSS - Compatible Time-Sharing System • Designed for IBM-7090’s computer (mainly 7094) Developed at MIT's's ComputationComputation CenterCenter • In 1963 came IBM 7750 – capable of supporting • Was one of the first time-sharing operating systems up to 112 teleprinter terminals • Operated at MIT until 1973 Seminar in computer History CS236801 19 Seminar in computer History CS236801 20 The MIT CTSS System The MIT CTSS System The Algorithm The Algorithm • IMPORTANT - • Find next task with highest priority • Have you seen the similarity between nowadays scheduler and 50 before ? • Task that don’t ran for 60 sec. gets higher priority • Right !!! • In level q, run task for till I/O occur or 0.5*2q • In level q, run task for till I/O occur or 0.5*2 The same concepts (max is 128 Sec) Little more sophisticated • Schedule next task Seminar in computer History CS236801 21 Seminar in computer History CS236801 22 Tops-10 Tops 20 • The direct descendant of TOPS-10 • Had an interesting scheduler with many run • Was available with a variety of higher level queues. language compilers & application tools such as • Very fast and flexible FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, ALGOL, CPL, operating system that was APL & DB Management far ahead of its time • Its architecture remained as it was designed in • One of the 1st multi-player 1969, development had started in 1973 game Seminar in computer History CS236801 23 Seminar in computer History CS236801 24 4 Tops 20 VMS-Virtual Mem. System • By DEC, the second OS for the PDP-10. • By DEC, the second OS for the PDP-10. • Runs on the VAX and Alpha family • Was very popular, when DEC tried to replaced • Designed for use in time sharing, batch it with VMS in VAX (1980) most users left to processing, real time Unix • Still used & developed today. Seminar in computer History CS236801 25 Seminar in computer History CS236801 26 Operating Systems Operating Systems Unix – 1969+ Windows • Unix originally developed 1969 • 1st Windows cooperative multitasking include by a group of AT&T (MIT) Windows 1.0 (1985) and Windows 2.0 (1987) employees at Bell Labs on • Windows/386 introduced a 32-bit protected PDP-7 mode kernel and virtual machine monitor • Originally named Unics (1992) • Win 95/98/2000 and now XP (2001) & Vista (2006) Seminar in computer History CS236801 27 Seminar in computer History CS236801 28 Operating Systems Operating Systems GooBunto - More - • Google OS – should be released at 2010 • Nowadays all OS are multitasking & Time-Sharing • 64-bit support, full multitasking & time-sharing • Most OS’s are implemented on 1950s concepts Seminar in computer History CS236801 29 Seminar in computer History CS236801 30 5 TeleType Teletype 33-ASR • A teleprinter is a now called typewriter • Teletype Corporation's's ASR33ASR33 • Used to communicate typed messages P2P often was a very popular model of by a pair of wires teleprinter • On 1922 the 1st teletype • Designed for light-duty office use, it was much flimsier and cheaper than its heavy duty cousin, the model 35ASR • These mechanical parts printed up to 10 characters per second Seminar in computer History CS236801 31 Seminar in computer History CS236801 32 Time-Sharing Machines Time-Sharing Machines • 1957 - IBM 704 1961 IBM 7090 – both • Common systems used for time-sharing included were modified to the Time-Sharing the SDS 940(1966), the PDP-10 (1968) concept • Later on Vax11/870 (1977) – design for BSD UNIX • 1964 - IBM 360 and its successors are up to 4.3BSD, Ultrix-32 and VAXeln OS the most profitable line of computer systems in history Seminar in computer History CS236801 33 Seminar in computer History CS236801 34 Refrences References • WikiPedia • House of VAX: • A History of MTS - http://www.mcmanis.com/chuck/computers/vaxe n/ http://www.clock.org/~jss/work/mts/30years.html • VAX timeline: • Batch VS TS – Bruce Lakin, NJ EDU Computer http://research.microsoft.com/~gbell/digital/timeli Network 1980. ne/32-bit.htm • A History of Modern Computing by Paul E • PDP-10: Ceruzzi. http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/pdp10.html • The McGraw-Hill Computer Handbook • http://webcourse.cs.technion.ac.il/234118/ • IEEE Annals of the History of Computing • www.computerhistory.org • 234120 - Operating Systems – CS Technion Seminar in computer History CS236801 35 Seminar in computer History CS236801 36 6 References • http://history.sandiego.edu/GEN/recording/c omputer1.html • http://www.old- computers.com/history/detail.asp?n=58&t=4 • http://www.poetproductions.com Seminar in computer History CS236801 37 7.