TABLE ROCK LAKE WATER QUALITY DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER DEMONSTRATION PROJECT FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT By David Casaletto, Program Coordinator Gopala Borchelt, Projects Director Table Rock Lake Water Quality Inc. P.O. Box 606 Kimberling City, MO 65686 [email protected] www.trlwq.org December 31, 2007 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Agreement No. XP8309301 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 STUDY BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES...................................1 Water Quality Trends in Table Rock Lake ..............................................................2 Formation of Table Rock Lake Water Quality, Inc. ................................................5 2001 Septic Study....................................................................................................5 Current Conditions ...................................................................................................6 Project Objectives ....................................................................................................7 2 PROJECT TASKS...............................................................................9 Task 1 – Create soil suitability map for OWTS.......................................................9 Objectives: ...............................................................................................................9 Methods:...................................................................................................................9 Results:...................................................................................................................10 Task 2 – Review existing ordinances & establish legal framework for responsible management entity.................................................................................................12 Objectives: .............................................................................................................12 Methods:.................................................................................................................12 Results:...................................................................................................................13 Task 3 – Selection, Installation and Maintenance of Advanced OWTS................16 Objectives: .............................................................................................................16 Methods:.................................................................................................................16 Wastewater Treatment Options..............................................................................17 Discharge and Dispersal Options ...........................................................................23 Results:...................................................................................................................25 Task 4 - Treatment System Monitoring.................................................................27 Objectives: .............................................................................................................27 Methods:.................................................................................................................28 Septic Tank and Treated Effluent Monitoring.......................................................28 Subsurface Monitoring...........................................................................................30 Subsurface Sample Collection Methods ................................................................33 Subsurface Sampling Device Installation and Performance..................................33 Relationship between Rainfall and Lysimeter Sample Concentrations .................38 Subsurface Data Selection for Results and Discussion Section.............................40 Task 5 – Monitoring Results and Discussion........................................................41 Objectives: .............................................................................................................41 Methods:.................................................................................................................41 Cape Fair Resort Monitoring Results ....................................................................41 Lampe Resort Monitoring Results .........................................................................47 ii Shell Knob Restaurant S. Monitoring Results .......................................................53 Kimberling City Residence Monitoring Results....................................................59 Comparison of Water Quality Measurements for the Four Onsite Systems..........62 Post-monitoring Drip Dispersal Field Soil Evaluation..........................................65 Summary of Study Results.....................................................................................66 Task 6 – Share the information..............................................................................67 Objectives: .............................................................................................................67 Methods:.................................................................................................................67 Results:...................................................................................................................67 3 RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................70 Regulation Changes ...............................................................................................70 Maintenance is Key................................................................................................71 APPENDICES REFERENCES..…………………………….……………………...…………….72 APPENDIX I Individual Site Installations……………………………....73 APPENDIX II Monitoring Data………………………………………....116 APPENDIX III Maps (sites, soils, watershed area)………………………132 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Site Evaluation Criteria………………………………………….…….16 Table 3.2: Summary of completed installations…………………………….…….26 Table 4.1: Monitoring locations, system characteristics, monitoring parameters and testing frequency………………………………………………………….…….....27 Table 4.2: Subsurface monitoring devices installed………………………………30 Table 4.3: Soil depth and drip tubing placement information………………….…33 Table 4.4: Subsurface samples collected at each monitoring site…………………34 Table 4.5: Median sample concentrations of dispersal field and control lysimeter samples………………………………………………………………………….…38 Table 5.1: Septic tank effluent water quality concentrations…………………...…62 Table 6.1: Presentations of the Demonstration Project............................................68 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of the Table Rock Lake watershed, Missouri and Arkansas.......2 Figure 2: Permitted wells in the Missouri portion of the Upper White River Basin.4 Figure 1.1: Stone County, Missouri soil potential map……………………..…….11 Figure 2.1: Basic design /Cluster System for POAs/subdivision development…...14 Figure 3.1: Constructed wetlands systems treatment system…………………...…17 Figure 3.2: Fixed film media for bio-microbial treatment colonies………..…...…19 Figure 3.3: Comparison of treated effluent and non-treated effluent……...……...19 Figure 3.4: RetroFAST unit installation in an existing septic system………….…20 Figure 3.5 ZABEL units and Foam cube filter…………………….…………...…21 Figure 3.6: Recirculating sand filters………………..…………………………….22 Figure 3.7: Trenching in drip irrigation lines………………..…………………….24 Figure 3.8: Imported soil for drip irrigation lines…………….…………………...24 Figure 4.1: Photographs of properties included in the onsite monitoring program.29 Figure 4.2: Typical septic tank effluent and treated effluent sampling locations....29 Figure 4.3: Half-pipe lysimeter sketch……………………………….……………31 Figure 4.4: Half-pipe lysimeter photographs………………….…………………..31 Figure 4.5: Photographs of plastic sheet lysimeter installation………….………..32 Figure 4.6: Cape Fair Resort 7-day rainfall for subsurface collection……..…...…34 Figure 4.7: Lampe Resort 7-day rainfall total versus sample collection………….35 Figure 4.8: Shell Knob Restaurant S 7-day rainfall for subsurface collection……35 Figure 4.9: Cape Fair Resort subsurface box plots……………………………..…36 Figure 4.10: Lampe Resort subsurface box plots……………………………….…36 Figure 4.11: Shell Knob Restaurant S. subsurface box plots……………………...37 Figure 4.12: Cape Fair Resort subsurface phosphorus and fecal Coliform…...…..39 Figure 4.13: Lampe Resort subsurface phosphorus and fecal Coliform……...…...39 Figure 4.14: Shell Knob Restaurant S. subsurface phosphorus & fecal Coliform.40 Figure 5.1: Cape Fair Resort FAST system flow rate……………………...…...…41 Figure 5.2: Cape Fair Resort dispersal field hydraulic loading rate………...…….42 Figure 5.3: Cape Fair Resort – TSS and BOD5 in septic tank effluent…...………42 iv Figure 5.4: Cape Fair Resort – TSS and BOD5 in FAST system effluent……..…43 Figure 5.5: Cape Fair Resort – decrease in percent TSS & BOD5 concentrations.43 Figure 5.6: Cape Fair Resort – dissolved oxygen concentrations in FAST system effluent………………………………………………………………………….....44 Figure 5.7: Cape Fair Resort – decrease in BOD5 concentrations from FAST system to plastic sheet lysimeter……..……………………………………………44 Figure 5.8: Cape Fair Resort – decrease in ammonia concentrations from FAST system to plastic sheet lysimeter…………….....………………………………….45 Figure 5.9: Cape Fair Resort - monthly total phosphorus in septic tank, FAST effluent and plastic sheet lysimeter………………………………………………..46 Figure 5.10: Cape Fair Resort – decrease in total phosphorus from FAST to lysimeter…………………….……………………………………………………..46