Supplementary Appendix F INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION OF GMS ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT CAMBODIA JULY 2002 Supplementary Appendix F Acronyms AADT Average Annual Daily Traffic BCPL Banteay Chhmar Protected Landscape CRE Chief Resident Engineer DFW Department of Forestry and Wildlife; within MAFF DoE Department of the Environment; Provincial level of MoE DOP Department of Planning; within MPWT dEMP detailed Environmental Management Plan ES Environmental Specialist GMS Greater Mekong Sub-region JICA Japan International Co-operation Agency MAFF Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries MoE Ministry of the Environment MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport MRC Mekong River Commission NR National Road PIU Project Implementation Unit RAP Resettlement Action Plan RE Resident Engineer RoW Right of Way SCCA Ang Trapang Thmor Sarus Crane Conservation Area SEU Social and Environmental Unit; within DOP of MPWT TSBR Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve Supplementary Appendix F Contents A. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................1 B. Description of the Project ..............................................................................................................1 NR6/NR5: Right of Way (RoW) ................................................................................................3 NR6: Siem Reap to Sisophon...................................................................................................3 NR5: Sisophon to Poiphet ........................................................................................................4 NR56 and NR68 .......................................................................................................................5 NR56: Sisophon to Samrong....................................................................................................5 NR68: Kralanh to Samrong ......................................................................................................6 C. Description of the Environment......................................................................................................7 1. Physical Resources .............................................................................................................7 Geology ...............................................................................................................................7 Topography .........................................................................................................................7 Soils .....................................................................................................................................7 Climate.................................................................................................................................8 Surface Water......................................................................................................................8 Groundwater .......................................................................................................................9 2. Ecological Resources .........................................................................................................9 Forests and Vegetation .......................................................................................................9 Protected Areas.................................................................................................................11 Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve ................................................................................12 Banteay Chhmar Protected Landscape ..................................................................13 Ang Trapang Thmor Sarus Crane Area ..................................................................15 Wildlife Hunting..................................................................................................................15 Fish ....................................................................................................................................16 3. Human and Economic Development.................................................................................17 Population and Local Administrative Details .....................................................................17 Poverty...............................................................................................................................19 Land Use ...........................................................................................................................19 Employment: Agriculture ...................................................................................................19 Land Ownership ................................................................................................................20 Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................20 Tourism .............................................................................................................................21 4. Quality of Life Values.........................................................................................................22 Health and Education ........................................................................................................22 Village Water Supplies ......................................................................................................22 Cultural Heritage................................................................................................................22 D. Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...................................24 Screening of Environmental Impacts......................................................................................24 1. Environmental Problems due to Project Location .............................................................29 2. Environmental Problems Related to Design......................................................................32 3. Environmental Problems Associated with the Construction Stage ...................................33 4. Environmental Problems Resulting from Project Operation..............................................40 5. Potential Environmental and Social Enhancement Impacts..............................................44 E. Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring Program ...........................................45 Legal Requirements ...............................................................................................................45 Institutions...............................................................................................................................46 Environmental Monitoring Program........................................................................................46 F. Public Involvement.......................................................................................................................48 G. Findings and Recommendations .................................................................................................49 H. Conclusions .................................................................................................................................50 References...................................................................................................................................51 Supplementary Appendix F Figures Figure 1: Inundation Area along Road 6 ................................................................................................ i Figure 2: Forest and Land Use ............................................................................................................. ii Figure 3: Tonle Sap Management Zones..............................................................................................iii Figure 4: Administrative Boundaries .................................................................................................... iv Tables Table 1: Protected Areas in the Provinces of Siem Reap and Banteay Meanchey that are within the proximity of the Road Projects.............................................................................12 Table 2: Forest Species found in the Banteay Chhmar Protected Landscape Area.........................14 Table 3: Wildlife Species found in the Banteay Chhmar Protected Landscape Area........................14 Table 4: Fish commonly found in the Tonle Sap and Floodplain Area ..............................................17 Table 5: Provincial Population Details ...............................................................................................18 Table 6: Population along NR6 and NR5 from Siem Reap to Poiphet ..............................................18 Table 7: Population along NR56 from Sisophon to Samrong............................................................18 Table 8: Population along NR68 from Kralanh to Samrong...............................................................18 Table 9: Tourism Arrivals and Projections for Siem Reap.................................................................21 Table 10: Matrix of Potential Environmental Impacts and Possible Mitigation Measures: Roads and Highways.......................................................................................................................25 Supplementary Appendix F INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION GMS: CAMBODIA ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT A. INTRODUCTION