Dark Matter and Alternatives Non-perturbative Effects of Rotation in Gravitationally Bound Systems Herbert Balasin, Daniel Grumiller, Florian Preis Institute for Theoretical Physics Vienna University of Technology Ariadna Final Presentation at ESA-ESTEC, July 22nd 2008 ARIADNA ID 07/1301 AO/1-5582/07/NL/CB Outline PART I: Introduction Historic Introduction Experimental Introduction Theoretical Introduction Galactic Rotation Curves Status quo Non-perturbative Effects of Rotation in Gravitationally Bound Systems PART II: H. Balasin “Nonlinear effects in gravitationally bound systems” PART III: F. Preis “Rotational Velocity in General Relativity” D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives 2/17 Outline PART I: Introduction Historic Introduction Experimental Introduction Theoretical Introduction Galactic Rotation Curves Status quo Non-perturbative Effects of Rotation in Gravitationally Bound Systems PART II: H. Balasin “Nonlinear effects in gravitationally bound systems” PART III: F. Preis “Rotational Velocity in General Relativity” D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 3/17 I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d’Arrest Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! Historic Introduction First Success of Dark Matter Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 4/17 I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d’Arrest Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! Historic Introduction First Success of Dark Matter Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 4/17 I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d’Arrest Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! Historic Introduction First Success of Dark Matter Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 4/17 I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d’Arrest Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! Historic Introduction First Success of Dark Matter Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 4/17 Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! Historic Introduction First Success of Dark Matter Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d’Arrest D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 4/17 Historic Introduction First Success of Dark Matter Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d’Arrest Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 4/17 I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Historic Introduction First Failure of Dark Matter Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 5/17 I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Historic Introduction First Failure of Dark Matter Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 5/17 I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Historic Introduction First Failure of Dark Matter Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 5/17 I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Historic Introduction First Failure of Dark Matter Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 5/17 I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Historic Introduction First Failure of Dark Matter Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 5/17 Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Historic Introduction First Failure of Dark Matter Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 5/17 Historic Introduction First Failure of Dark Matter Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! D. Grumiller — Dark Matter and Alternatives PART I: Introduction 5/17 Option 1: I Conservative with respect to theory I Progressive with respect to matter content I Approach stands or falls with independent discovery of ‘Dark Matter’ Option 2: I Progressive with respect to theory I Conservative with respect to matter content I Approach stands or falls with plausibility of theory/implementation Main lesson: remain open-minded! Historic Introduction