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Readings in Critical Thought and Cultural Literacy a humanities core curriculum linking knowledge, understanding, judgement and choice Edited by Stephen Duguid Humanities Core Curriculum Volume One IC 5219 Introduction and R4 Introductory Lesson 1987 V.1 S2, 90 v• 1 Readings in Critical Thought and Cultural Literacy7 A Humanities Core Curriculum Linking Knowledge, Understanding, Judgement, and Choice Volume One: Introduction and Introductory Lesson ttte ie this document does*timed %Abele Urn tothe author imfight ot Propei etithortzation imistbe use. Mtended Vésent deument happeennent du du ptésent .latiteur du content\ _,eelléatabterne2auteur.disatton Ooii 8131 Edited by Stephen Duguid Institute for the Humanities Simon Fraser University . -----does not belong to the Crown. Copyright of this document rom the author for Proper authorization must be obtained f any intended use d'auteur du présent document n'appartiennent Les droits oas à l'État. Toute utilisation du contenu du présent , document doit être approuvée préalablement par l'auteur. © 1987 Institute for the Humanities Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada V5A 1S6 ISBN 0-86491-073-8 I welcome the publication of this volume of readings by Dr. Duguid and his colleagues at Simon Fraser University. I hope that it will be widely used by educators in prison and elsewhere. Dr. D. K. Griffin Correctional Service of Canada 111 Stephen Duguid is Director of Extension Credit Programs and Assoc. Prof. of Humanities at Simon Fraser University. He has a PhD from SFU in Middle Eastern History and directed and taught in a university-level prison education program in British Columbia from 1974 to 1980. As part of his duties at SFU he directs the SFU Prison Education Program which offers a university Liberal Arts program to about 200 students in four federal prisons in B.C. Dr. Duguid has published widely in the field of prison education, the humanities and higher education, and adult education. iv Preface This Humanities Curriculum is a collection of edited readings from classic and contemporary sources, accompanied by discussion guides. It is directed toward adult students whose formal education has been interrupted or cut short, whether by choice or circumstance. The readings comprise an introduction to a wide range of topics and themes central to both the humanities and to living in contemporary society which, taken together, can serve to enhance critical thinking abilities and make one more literate with the culture. The focus is on the reading of primary sources, ranging in time and topic from Socrates to Skinner, to provoke discussion, writing, and reasoned analysis under the direction of a tutor/instructor. The Curriculum was developed through the Institute for the Humanities at Simon Fraser University on behalf of the Education and Personal Development Division of the Correctional Service of Canada. Mr. William Cosman and Dr. Douglas Griffin of the Correctional Service were central contributors to both the conceptualizing and facilitating of the project. The Readings are intended for use as: (1) a supplementary humanities "core" to an existing secondary school program for adults; (2) a college or university "prep" program with a focus on critical analysis and writing; or (3) a general interest course for adult learners. This is the 3rd edition of the Humanities Core Curriculum, the first appearing in 1983. The materials have been field tested in prison and community centre classrooms in British Columbia, Alberta, the Yukon and in parts of the United States. The revisions in this edition owe much to the suggestions made by these teachers and their students and to the work of David Wallace, Avril 01liver, Jane Harris, Ian Wright, Carol LaBar, Henry Hoekema, James Melendez, Keith Whetstone, and John Wilcox. v Enthusiastic partisans of the idea of progress are in danger of failing to recognize - because they set so little store by them - the immense riches accumulated by the human race on either side of the narrow furrow on which they keep their eyes fixed; by underrating the achievements of the past, they devalue all those which still remain to be accomplished. If men have always been concerned with only one task - how to create a society fit to live in - the forces which inspired our distant ancestors are also present in us. Nothing is settled; everything can still be altered. What was done, but turned out wrong, can be done again. Claude Levi-Strauss, Tristes Tropiques vi CURRICULUM TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME ONE: INTRODUCTION AND INTRODUCTORY LESSON INTRODUCTION: The Humanities, Critical Thinking, and Cultural Literacy The Humanities Core Curriculum: Definitions and Structure 4 Why a "Humanities" Core? 6 Pedagogy 7 References 10 INTRODUCTORY LESSON: The Tradition of the Humanities 11 Understanding and Judgement 13 Introduction 13 Critical Reading: Understanding 15 Language 15 Style and World View 16 Critical Reading: Judgement 18 Exercise 1: On Nuclear War 22 Exercise 2: "Baby Fae: The Ethical Issue" 24 Exercise 3: "The Criminal Child as Different" 26 Exercise 4: Logical Deductions 31 Exercise 5: "Gazing on Jerusalem" 33 Exercise 6: The Keegstra Case 36 Conclusion 45 VOLUME TWO: READINGS INTRODUCTION: The Humanities, Critical Thinking, and Cultural Literacy 1 The Humanities Core Curriculum: Definitions and Structure 4 Why a "Humanities" Core? 6 Pedagogy 7 References 10 vii UNIT ONE: On Being Human 11 SECTION A: The Issue of Human Distinctiveness 14 White, Leslie. "The Origin and Basis of Human Behaviour." From The Science of Culture. 15 Sagan, Carl. From The Dragons of Eden. 22 Farb, Peter. "Man at the Mercy of His Language." From Coming to Terms with Language. 33 Bronowski, Jacob. "The Reach of the Imagination." 40 Dubos, René. "The Humanness of the Human Species." From Beast or Angel? 48 SECTION B: Gradations of Humanity: Savages, Slaves and Females 57 Conrad, Joseph. From Heart of Darkness. 58 Jung, Carl. "The Role of Symbols." From Man and His Symbols. 66 Mayhew, Henry. "Those That Will Not Work." From London Labour and the London Poor. 76 Huxley, Thomas. "Emancipation: Black and White." From Science and Education. 104 Austen, Jane. From Pride and Prejudice. 114 Weldon, Fay. From Letters to Alice On First Reading Jane Austen. 132 SECTION C: The Human as Individual: Oualities of Isolation 143 Defoe, Daniel. "I Am Very Ill and Flighted." From Robinson Crusoe. 144 Kierkegaard, Soren. "That Individual." 158 Sartre, Jean Paul. From The Wall. 162 Dostoevsky, Fyodor. From Notes from Underground. 183 viii SECTION D: The Human and Humanity: The Social/Cultural Context 190 Steinbeck, John. From The Grapes of Wrath. 192 Carr, Edward. "Society and the Individual." From What is History? 203 Pirsig, Robert. From Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. 211 Jung, Carl. "The Soul of Man." From Man and His Symbols. 241 UNIT TWO: The Individual and Society 251 SECTION A: The State as Leviathan 253 Orwell, George. From 1984. 256 Berkman, Alexander. From Prison Memoirs. 274 Huxley, Aldous. From Brave New World. 285 Gross, Bertrand. "Monitoring as the Message." From Friendly Fascism. 309 Dickens, Charles. "Murdering the Innocents." From Hard Times. 318 SECTION B: Individual Conscience and the State 325 Plato. The Crito. 327 Thoreau, Henry David. From Civil Disobedience. 341 Wiesel, Elie. "What then is there left for us to do?" From Issues in Education and Culture: Teaching Peace. 348 SECTION C: An Option: Rebellion & Revolution 352 Serge, Victor. From Birth of Our Power. 354 Michel, Louise. "The Malcing of a Revolutionary." From Memoirs of Louise Michel. 360 Brecht, Bertolt. Selected Poems. 370 Lenin, V. I. From "Left-Wing' Communism--An Infantile Disorder" 376 ix SECTION D: An Option: Alienation. Romanticism, Ecstasy and Isolation 382 Fromm, Erich. From Escape From Freedom. 384 Roszak, Theodore. "Romantic Perversity." From Where the Wasteland Ends. 402 Shapiro, Karl. "Introduction" to Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer. 424 Eliot, George. "A Voice from the Past." From The Mill on the Floss. 430 Burgess, Anthony. From A Clockwork Orange. 447 UNIT THREE: The Social Possibility: Utopia and Dystopia 459 SECTION A: A Proletarian Utopia 461 Carr, Edward. "The Bolshevik Utopia." From 1917: Before and After. 464 Marcuse, Herbert. "The End of Utopia." From Five Lectures. 474 Marx, Karl. "Preface to a Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy." From On Historical Materialism. 484 SECTION B: The Engineered Human Community 491 Skinner, B.F. From Walden II. 492 Plato. From The Republic. 514 Calder, Nigel. "Chemistry versus Individuality." From Technopolis: Social Control and the Uses of Science. 522 Platt, Anthony. "The National Criminal." From The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency.