TROSTON LOCH WIND FARM EIA Report – Volume 1 – Main Text Chapter 6 Landscape and Visual Troston Loch Wind Farm Chapter 6 EIA Report Landscape and Visual CHAPTER 6 6 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL ....................................................................................... 6-2 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 6-2 6.2 Policy and Guidelines .................................................................................. 6-3 6.3 Consultation ................................................................................................ 6-9 6.4 Description of the Development .................................................................. 6-1 6.5 Assessment Method ..................................................................................... 6-2 6.6 Landscape and Visual Baseline .................................................................... 6-4 6.7 Wind Energy Development Baseline ......................................................... 6-11 6.8 Assessment of Physical Landscape Effects ............................................... 6-17 6.9 Assessment of Landscape Character Effects ............................................. 6-19 6.10 Assessment of Effects on Views ................................................................ 6-42 6.11 Summary of Effects and Statement of Significance .................................. 6-91 6.13 References ................................................................................................. 6-98 EDF Renewables Arcus Consultancy Services Ltd February 2019 Page 6-1 Chapter 6 Troston Loch Wind Farm Landscape and Visual EIA Report 6 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL 6.1 Introduction This landscape and visual impact assessment (LVIA), which has been undertaken by Optimised Environments Limited (OPEN), evaluates the effects of the Troston Loch Wind Farm (the Development) on the landscape and visual resource. The assessment considers effects on the landscape resource - both direct effects and effects on how the landscape is perceived - and the effect on visual amenity (views) within the study area (Figure 6.1 – Site location and study area). Cumulative effects arising from the addition of the Development to other wind farms are also considered. The following technical appendices accompanying this LVIA, are included in Volume 3 of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIA Report) and should be read in conjunction. They are as follows: • Technical Appendix A6.1: LVIA Methodology, description of the methodology used in the landscape and visual assessment; and • Technical Appendix A6.2: Residential and Visual Amenity Survey (RVAS) (summarised in the Assessment of Visual Effects section of this report). This Chapter is supported by the following figures which illustrate the landscape and visual effects of the Development: • Fig6-01 Site Location and Study Area • Fig6-02 Landform • Fig6-03a Landscape Character • Fig6-03b Landscape Character Legend • Fig6-04 Landscape Designations • Fig6-05 Landscape Character & Designations & Viewpoints (15 kilometres [km]) • Fig6-06 Principal Visual Receptors • Fig6-07 Principal Visual Receptors (15 km) • Fig6-08 Principal Visual Receptors (5 km) • Fig6-09 Blade Tip Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) with Viewpoints • Fig6-10 Blade Tip ZTV with Viewpoints (A1) • Fig6-11 Hub Height ZTV with Viewpoints • Fig6-12 Hub Height ZTV with Viewpoints (A1) • Fig6-13 Horizontal ZTV with Viewpoints (A1) • Fig6-14 Blade Tip ZTV with Landscape Character • Fig6-15 Blade Tip ZTV with Landscape Designations • Fig6-16 Blade Tip ZTV with Principal Visual Receptors • Fig6-17 Blade tip ZTV with Landscape Character, Designations, Principal Visual Receptors and Viewpoints (15 km) • Fig6-18 Cumulative Wind Farms (CWF) • Fig6-19 Cumulative ZTV (CZTV): Development and all Operational, Under Construction and Consented • Fig6-20a CZTV: Afton • Fig6-20b CZTV: Blackcraig • Fig6-20c CZTV: Hare Hill & Extension • Fig6-20d CZTV: Sanquhar • Fig6-20e CZTV: Torrs Hill • Fig6-20f CZTV: Twenty Shilling (UC) • Fig6-20g CZTV: Wether Hill • Fig6-20h CZTV: Whiteside Hill • Fig6-20i CZTV: Windy Standard & Extension • Fig6-20j CZTV: Benbrack • Fig6-20k CZTV: Knockman Hill Arcus Consultancy Services Ltd EDF Renewables Page 6-2 February 2019 Troston Loch Wind Farm Chapter 6 EIA Report Landscape and Visual • Fig6-20l CZTV: Mochrum Fell • Fig6-20m CZTV: Sandy Knowe • Fig6-20n CZTV: Sanquhar Six • Fig6-20o CZTV: South Kyle • Fig6-20p CZTV: Windy Rig • Fig6-20q CZTV: Cornharrow • Fig6-20r CZTV: Enoch Hill • Fig6-20s CZTV: Glenshimmeroch • Fig6-20t CZTV: Longburn • Fig6-20u CZTV: Lorg • Fig6-20v CZTV: Margree • Fig6-20w CZTV: Pencloe Forest • Fig6-20x CZTV: Shepherds Rig • Fig6-20y CZTV: Twenty Shilling (Resub) • Fig6-20z CZTV: Ulzieside • Fig6-20aa CZTV: Wether Hill Extension • Fig6-20ab CZTV: Windy Standard III • Fig6-21 Sequential Overview • Fig6-22a Southern Upland Way (SUW) Sequential • Fig6-22b SUW Sequential CWF • Fig6-23a B729 Sequential • Fig6-23b B729 Sequential CWF • Fig6-24a – 6.44c LVIA Viewpoint Visualisations • Fig6-45a-d Wireline only Viewpoint Visualisations 6.2 Policy and Guidelines The following legislation, policy and guidelines have been taken into consideration during the assessment of landscape and visual effects. An assessment of the Development against relevant planning policy is provided in the separate Planning Statement. 6.2.1 Strategic Policy 6.2.1.1 European Landscape Convention (ELC) The ELC is devoted exclusively to the protection, management and planning of all landscapes in Europe. Landscape is described as “an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors” (ELC, 2000). The definition applies to all urban and peri-urban landscapes, towns, villages, rural areas, the coast and inland areas. In addition, it applies to ordinary or even degraded landscape as well as those areas that are of outstanding value or protected. The ELC became binding in the UK from 1 March 2007. As a signatory, the UK government has therefore undertaken to adopt general policies and measures to protect, manage and plan landscapes as follows: • To recognise landscapes in law as an essential component of people’s surroundings, an expression of the diversity of their shared cultural and natural heritage, and a foundation of their identity; • To establish and implement landscape policies aimed at landscape protection, management and planning through the adoption of the specific measures. These include awareness-raising, training and education, identification and assessment of landscapes, definition of landscape quality objectives and the implementation of landscape policies; EDF Renewables Arcus Consultancy Services Ltd February 2019 Page 6-3 Chapter 6 Troston Loch Wind Farm Landscape and Visual EIA Report • To establish procedures for the participation of the general public, local and regional authorities, and other parties with an interest in the definition and implementation of the landscape policies mentioned in the bullet above; and • To integrate landscape into regional and town planning policies and in cultural, environmental, agricultural, social and economic policies, as well as in any other policies with possible direct or indirect impact on landscape. The ELC provides a framework for Scottish Natural Heritages (SNH) work for Scotland's landscapes based on the following five guiding principles: • Our landscape - people, from all cultures and communities, lie at the heart of efforts for landscape, as we all share an interest in, and responsibility for, its well- being; • All landscapes - the landscape is important everywhere, not just in special places and whether beautiful or degraded; • Changing landscapes - landscapes will continue to evolve in response to our needs, but this change needs to be managed; • Understanding landscapes - better awareness and understanding of our landscapes and the benefits they provide is required; and • Tomorrow's landscapes - an inclusive, integrated and forward-looking approach to managing the landscapes we have inherited, and in shaping new ones, is required. Given the UK’s adoption of the ELC and its aims, the ELC gives an appropriate basis for the importance placed on the Scottish landscape. 6.2.1.2 National Planning Framework 3 (NPF3) Scotland’s third National Planning Framework (NPF31) was published by the Scottish Government in June 2014. NPF3 is a long-term strategy for Scotland and is the spatial expression of the Government’s Economic Strategy and plans for development and investment in infrastructure. 6.2.1.3 Scottish Planning Policy (SPP) The key national policy document in relation to land use planning is Scottish Planning Policy (SPP2) 2014. As part of Scotland’s commitment to sustainable economic growth it is recognised in Paragraph 2 that the planning system should “…take a positive approach to enabling high-quality development and making efficient use of land to deliver long-term benefits for the public while protecting and enhancing natural and cultural resources”. In Table 1: Spatial Framework, SPP sets out the basis for a spatial framework in relation to wind farm development in which a hierarchy of protection is defined. Group 1 areas are based on National Parks and National Scenic Areas and are defined as ‘Areas where wind farms will not be acceptable’. Group 2 areas are defined as ‘Areas of Significant Protection’. Group 2 areas are based on the following criteria: a range