www.kcsepdf.co.ke HISTORY FORM 1 NOTES SIMPLIFIED VERSION OF HISTORY NOTES KCSEPDF.CO.KE www.kcsepdf.co.ke TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT ........................... 9 The meaning of history....................................................................................... 9 Periods in history ................................................................................................ 9 Branches of history ........................................................................................... 10 Importance of studying history ....................................................................... 10 The meaning of government ............................................................................ 11 Forms of government ....................................................................................... 11 Importance of studying government ............................................................... 12 Sources of information on History and government ..................................... 13 Unwritten sources ....................................................................................... 14 Electronic sources ....................................................................................... 20 Written sources ........................................................................................... 21 EARLY MAN .................................................................................................... 23 Origin of man .................................................................................................... 23 Oral traditions ............................................................................................ 23 Creation theory ........................................................................................... 23 Evolution theory ......................................................................................... 23 Stages through which man evolved ................................................................. 27 Culture and economic practices of early man ............................................... 35 The Old Stone Age (Lower-Palaeolithic) ................................................. 37 The Middle Stone Age (Middle-Paleolithic) ............................................ 41 The new stone age (Neolithic) .................................................................... 47 Revision Questions. .................................................................................... 50 Reliable Source www.kcsepdf.co.ke DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURE ........................................................ 51 Development of early Agriculture ................................................................... 51 Definition of Agriculture ........................................................................... 51 Origin of Agriculture ................................................................................. 51 The beginning of domestication of animals .................................................... 52 The beginning of crop growing ................................................................. 52 Early Agriculture in Egypt .............................................................................. 54 Factors that lead to early Agriculture in Egypt ...................................... 54 Impacts of early Agriculture in Egypt ..................................................... 56 Early Agriculture in Mesopotamia ................................................................. 57 Factors that led to early Agriculture in Mesopotamia ........................... 58 Impacts of early agriculture in Mesopotamia ......................................... 59 The Agrarian revolution .................................................................................. 59 Characteristics of agriculture in Europe before the agrarian revolution59 Agrarian revolution in Britain ........................................................................ 60 Factors that led to agrarian revolution in Britain .................................. 62 Results of agrarian revolution in Britain ................................................... 63 The agrarian revolution in the United States of America ............................ 64 Factors that led to agrarian revolution in united states of America ..... 65 Effects of agrarian revolution in United States of America ................... 66 The food situation in Africa and the rest of the developing world .............. 66 Factors that have contributed to shortage of food in the developing world 66 Effects of food shortage in the developing world .................................... 68 Solutions to food shortages in the developing world ............................... 69 Revision Questions ..................................................................................... 69 Reliable Source www.kcsepdf.co.ke THE PEOPLES OF KENYA UP TO THE 19TH CENTURY ..................... 70 Background to the people of Kenya ................................................................ 70 Origin of the people of Kenya ................................................................... 71 Migration and settlement of the people of Kenya ................................... 72 The Bantu .......................................................................................................... 72 Factors for migration ................................................................................. 72 Western Bantu ............................................................................................ 72 Eastern Bantu ............................................................................................. 75 Effects of their migration ........................................................................... 81 The Nilotes ......................................................................................................... 82 River and Lake Nilotes .............................................................................. 82 Factors for migration ................................................................................. 84 Effects of their migration ........................................................................... 84 The plain Nilotes ......................................................................................... 85 Factors for migration ................................................................................. 85 Effects of their migration ........................................................................... 89 Highland Nilotes ......................................................................................... 89 Factors for migration ................................................................................. 91 Effects of their migration ........................................................................... 91 Effects of Nilotes’ migration ...................................................................... 92 Cushites .............................................................................................................. 92 Southern Cushites ...................................................................................... 92 Eastern Cushites ......................................................................................... 93 Factors for migration ................................................................................. 93 Reliable Source www.kcsepdf.co.ke Effects of their migration ........................................................................... 94 Effects of Cushites migration .................................................................... 95 Revision Questions ............................................................................................ 97 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ORGANISATION OF KENYAN SOCIETIES IN THE 19TH CENTURY ......................................................... 97 The Bantu .......................................................................................................... 97 The Agikuyu ...................................................................................................... 97 The Ameru ......................................................................................................... 99 The Akamba .................................................................................................... 101 The Abagusii ................................................................................................... 102 The Mijikenda ................................................................................................. 104 The Nilotes ....................................................................................................... 105 The Luo ..................................................................................................... 105 The Nandi .................................................................................................. 107 The Maasai ................................................................................................ 108 The Eastern Cushites ...................................................................................... 110 The Borana ................................................................................................ 110 The Somali ................................................................................................. 111 Revision Questions .........................................................................................