I LAKE ANNA SPECIAL AREA PLAN I March 2000 LAKE ANNA SPECIAL AREA PLAN COMMITTEE LAKE ANNA SPECIAL AREA PLAN COMMITTEE Jack Bertron, Chair Gerald Root, Vice-Chair Joe Bailey Luther Bergstrom Herb Distefano Ralph England Johnny Finch Tom Graves George O'Connell William Rupp Fred Seward Jack Speer Staff Team John P. "Pete" Bradshaw, Director of Planning, County of Louisa Stephen Griffin, Director of Planning, County of Spotsylvania Debbie Kendall, Director of Planning, County of Orange Nancy K. O'Brien, Executive Director, Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission Steve Manster,. Executive Director, Rappahannock Area Development Commission Gary Christie, Executive Director, Rappahannock Rapidan Regional Commission Rochelle Garwood, Environmental Planner, Thomas jefferson Planning District Commission Tabl~ of Contents I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY •................................................•..........................................•.......•............. i PURPOSE .............•..•..................... ..... ...... ......................................................................................... .... .. i MAJOR FINDINGS ....•............................................................................................................................... i STUDY CONCLUSIONS .. .................................................. ............. ...... ............ ... .. .................................... ii PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... .............. .. ........................ iii II. VISION STATEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 1 m. PROJECT BACKGROUND ...............................................................: .............................................. 2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. .. ....................... 2 PURPOSE ...................... ... ... .. .. ......... .................................................. .. .................................................... 2 PLANNING PROCESS ..................................... .............................................. ......................................... .. 3 EXISTING STUDIES .................... .. .. ... ........ .............................................................................................. 3 IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................ .. ....................... .. ....................................... 4 LEGAL BASIS FDR THE LAKE ANNA SPECIAL AREA PLAN ....................... .. ................................. ........... 4 IV. DESCRIPTION OF LAKE ANNA AND THE WATERSHED.... ................................................... 5 OVERVIEW ............. .. ........... ............................................................. ............................. .......... ... ....... .. ... 5 ORIGINS OF LAKE ANNA ......................................... ................... ................................... ......................... 5 DESCRIPTION OF WATERSHED .. .. ........................................................................... ........... ..................... 6 REGIONAL CONTEXT ...... ............................................................................................................. ........... 7 V. DATA PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION ........................................... 8 DEMOGRAPHICS ...... ................................................................................................ .. ... ......................... 8 LAND USE PATTERNS: LOCAL ........................................... ......... ....... .................................................... 8 LAND U SE: I NNER RING ................................................................................... .. ........................... ........ 9 LAND USE: WATERSHED ........ .............................. ............................. .. ................ .. .. ............ ........ .. ....... 10 WATER QUALITY .................................................... ............................................................................. 14 THREATS ..... ....................... ........................................ ........................................................ : ................. 25 C URRENT ORDINANCES ............. ... ....................................................................................................... 30 VI. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................... 31 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................ ............ .......................... 3 1 LAND USE ...................................... _ ... .. .... .. ... ....... ............................................................................... 42 WATERSHED PROTECTION ....................... ...... .. ........ .. .... .. .. .................................................................. 46 CONSERVATION PLANNING ............ ................................................................................ ...................... 48 RECOMMENDED STANDARDS ................ ................... ........................................................ .. .................. 48 VII. APPENDIX ONE - EXISTING STUDIES ................................................................................. A I -I SUMMARY OF VIRGINIA POWER LAKE ANNA PLAN .............................. ........................................... AI - I SUMMARY OF LOUISA COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN .. ................................................ ................ A 1-6 SUMMARY OF ORANGE COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ................................................................ A 1-7 SUMMARY OF SPOTSY LVANIA COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ................................................. .. ... A 1-8 VIII. APPENDIX TWO - DETAIL OF SUPPORTING DATA ......................................................... Al-1 CALCULATION OF ACCELERATED EROSION RATE ............................................... ........................... .. A2- 1 SHORELINE EROS iON .................................. ................................ ...................................................... A2-3 IMPERVIOUS SURFACE ............... ........ .............................................................................................. A2-4 CODES AND ORDINANCES ......................... ....................................................................................... A2-5 IX. APPENDIX THREE - PLANNING TOOLS .............................................................................. AJ-I THE EIGHT T oOLS OF W ATERSHED PROTECTION .... .. .. .. ....... ...... .......... ............ ................................ A3- 1 THE CONSERVATION PLANNING ApPROACH .................................................................................... A3-7 ACTION AGENDA ............................ .... .. ..................................................... .. ........... ....................... A3-1 0 X. APPENDIX FOUR - METALS .................................................................................................. A4-41 Tables Charts, Figures and Maps, • Plan TABLES Table 1. County Portion in Watershed ........................................................................................................................... 6 Table 2. Hydrologic Units Comprising the Watershed .................................................................................................. 7 Table 3. Miles of Streams ............................................................................................................................................ 28 Table 4. Estimated ArulUaI Sediment yield ................................................................................................................. 29 Table 5: Pollutant Removal Capability of Open Channels using Different BMPs ...................................................... 52 Table 6: Land Uses with Different Peak Daily Operating Hours ................................................................................ 53 Table 7: Surrunary of Issues Related to Various Types of Alternative Pavements ...................................................... 54 Table 8: Options for Open Space Management.. ......................................................................................................... 57 Table 9: Benefits of Stream Buffers ............................................................................................................................ 58 CHARTS Chart 1: % Change in County Population 1980-1990 .................................................................................................. 8 Chart 2: Watershed Tracts Population: % Change 1980-1990 ...................................................................................... 8 Chart 3: Watershed Land Cover .................................................................................................................................. 10 Chart 4: Acres per Farm: % change 1982-1992 .......................................................................................................... 1I Chart 5: Market Value Ag Products: % Change 1982-1992 ........................................................................................ 11 Chart 6: Fecal Coliform Levels in Lake Anna's Tributaries