North Central London Joint Formulary Committee Factsheet Lithium Preparations LITHIUM CARBONATE: Camcolit®, Priadel®, Liskonum® LITHIUM CITRATE: Priadel® Liquid, Li-Liquid® Prophylaxis of bipolar illness, adjunctive treatment in resistant depression Start date: November 2016 Review date: November 2019 Document Control Date Version Action May 2016 V1 Factsheet produced by Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust Agreed by NCL Medicines Optimisation Network: 24/11/16 (Chair’s action) Ratified by NCL Joint Formulary Committee: 24/11/16 December V1.1 Typographical update regarding renal function monitoring. 2016 Annual calcium monitoring changed to 6-monthly corrected calcium. Typographical update under Interactions section Ratified by NCL Medicines Optimisation Network: 19/12/16 FACTSHEET TO FACILITATE PRESCRIBING PLEASE NOTE THIS IS NOT A SHARED CARE GUIDELINE, NOR IS IT A FULL SUMMARY OF DRUG INFORMATION. ALWAYS REFER TO THE MOST RECENT BNF AND/OR SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS. Disclaimer This Fact Sheet is registered at North Central London (NCL) Joint Formulary Committee (JFC) and is intended solely for use by healthcare professionals to aid the treatment of patients within NCL. However, this fact sheet is for guidance only, its interpretation and application remains the responsibility of the individual clinician. If in doubt, contact a senior colleague or expert. Clinicians are advised to refer to the manufacturer’s current prescribing information before treating individual patients. The authors and NCL JFC accept no liability for use of this information from this beyond its intended use. While we have tried to compile accurate information in this guideline, and to keep it updated in a timely manner, we cannot guarantee that it is fully complete and correct at all times. If you identify information within this guideline that is inaccurate, please report this to the [email protected]. If a patient is harmed as a consequence of following this guideline, please complete a local incident report and inform [email protected]. This document should not be to used or reproduced for commercial or marketing purposes. NCL JFC is funded by and provides advice to Acute Trusts and Clinical Commissioning Groups in NCL. North Central London Joint Formulary Committee 1 of 12 Lithium carbonate and lithium citrate factsheet– Produced by C&I Approval date: December 2016 Version 1.1 Review Date: December 2019 Factsheet – LITHIUM CARBONATE: Camcolit®, Priadel®, Liskonum® LITHIUM CITRATE: Priadel® Liquid, Li-Liquid® Prophylaxis of bipolar illness Adjunctive treatment in resistant depression Lithium preparations should only be initiated by a consultant psychiatrist. The consultant psychiatrist will be responsible for monitoring (including checking blood results) until the patient is stabilised on lithium therapy. Once the patient is stabilised on lithium therapy responsibility for ongoing monitoring can be transferred to the GP. The patient will be stabilised on lithium therapy when blood tests are within optimal range and predictable. Check list and actions for GP: Ensure documented communication has been received from a consultant psychiatrist with indication for use, likely duration of treatment and evidence that the specialist has counselled the patient on lithium (side effects/risks/pregnancy) and has given the patient a completed lithium pack. Before continuation in primary care ensure that the patient meets criteria for continuation of treatment (i.e. lithium treatment is initiated by a consultant psychiatrist and the patient is stabilised on lithium treatment) Conduct necessary blood test monitoring at agreed schedule (see Clinical Monitoring section) and communicate results to the mental health team. Prescribe routine supplies of lithium (specifying the brand and formulation on the prescription) once confirmed that blood tests have been monitored regularly and that it is safe to issue a repeat prescription. Monitor the patient’s overall physical health and well-being. Refer the patient back to the consultant psychiatrist if the patient: o Relapses o Is intolerant of side effects o Is non-compliant with medicines (or this is suspected) o Experiences adverse events o Has a change in circumstances affecting lithium (e.g. pregnancy) Ensure monitoring is carried out according to NICE clinical guidelines (CG185) and monitor by Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF): o Check thyroid and renal function (U&Es, creatinine, eGFR) every six months o Measure plasma lithium level every three months for the first year o After the first year, measure plasma lithium levels every six months, or every three months for people in any of the following groups: 1. Older people 2. People taking drugs that interact with lithium 3. People who are at risk of impaired renal or thyroid function, raised calcium levels (corrected calcium) or other complications, 4. People who have poor symptom control 5. People with poor adherence 6. People whose last plasma lithium level was 0.8 mmol per litre or higher Note: QOF indicators for monitoring patients on lithium therapy are slightly different to NICE recommendations. QOF indicators for monitoring patients on lithium therapy are for a record of lithium levels in the therapeutic range in the preceding 4 months and a record of plasma creatinine and thyroid stimulation hormone in the preceding 9 months. The lithium pack includes information booklet, lithium alert card and record book for tracking blood tests. The Lithium pack is provided by mental health services and completed when issued to the patient. The patient should be advised to bring the Lithium record book to appointments. North Central London Joint Formulary Committee 2 of 12 Lithium carbonate and lithium citrate factsheet– Produced by C&I Approval date: December 2016 Version 1.1 Review Date: December 2019 Dose and Administration Lithium must be prescribed by brand as bioavailability may vary between brands. Initiation: 400mg daily (200mg in the elderly). Dose is then adjusted according to plasma lithium levels. The slow release tablets can be administered as a single daily dose (usually at night). Liquid preparation: should be divided into two doses. Care is needed when changing from lithium carbonate to lithium citrate to ensure that the dose remains equivalent. The usual range for plasma lithium levels is between 0.4 - 1.0 mmol/L, but reference ranges may vary between centres. A target lithium plasma level of 0.4 - 0.8 mmol/L is recommended for maintenance therapy and older people. A target lithium plasma level of 0.8 – 1 mmol/L is recommended for acute episodes of mania, and for patients who have previously relapsed or who have sub-syndromal symptoms. For dosing with specific preparations see BNF. Priadel® Liquid: Lithium citrate tetrahydrate 520 mg is equivalent to lithium carbonate 204 mg. Li-Liquid®: Lithium citrate tetrahydrate 509 mg is equivalent to lithium carbonate 200 mg. Changing from lithium tablets (Lithium carbonate) to Lithium liquid (Lithium citrate) When changing between lithium formulations, plasma lithium levels should be checked prior to switching and then measured 4 to 7 days after switching formulations, once plasma lithium levels have reached steady state. The mental health team or a pharmacist can be contacted to confirm the conversion. Worked example: changing from Priadel® liquid to Priadel® tablets For a patient taking 25 mL (2600 mg) lithium citrate liquid = 5 x 5 mL of 520 mg/5 mL = 5 x 204 mg lithium carbonate = 1020 mg = Approx. 1000 mg of lithium carbonate tablets (E.g. Priadel tablets 2 x 400 mg and 1 x 200 mg) 520mg/5ml Lithium citrate liquid = 204 mg Lithium carbonate tablet Renal impairment: Since lithium is primarily excreted via the renal route, significant accumulation of lithium may occur in patients with renal insufficiency. Therefore, if patients with mild or moderate renal impairment are being treated with lithium, plasma lithium levels should be closely monitored and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. If very regular and close monitoring of plasma lithium levels and plasma creatinine levels is not possible, lithium should not be prescribed in this population. Lithium is contraindicated in patients with severe renal insufficiency Hepatic impairment: Lithium is not metabolised in the liver. Dose adjustment not required. Discontinuing treatment: Review / discontinuation of therapy should be carried out by a consultant psychiatrist. While there is no clear evidence of withdrawal or rebound psychosis, abrupt discontinuation of "lithium" increases the risk of relapse. If "lithium" is to be discontinued, the dose should be reduced gradually over a period of at least 4 weeks (preferably over a period of up to 3 months). Patients and their carers should be warned of the risk of relapse if "lithium" is discontinued abruptly. If "lithium" is stopped or is to be discontinued abruptly, consider changing therapy to an atypical antipsychotic or valproate. The consultant psychiatrist will communicate recommendations regarding prescribing to the GP. North Central London Joint Formulary Committee 3 of 12 Lithium carbonate and lithium citrate factsheet– Produced by C&I Approval date: December 2016 Version 1.1 Review Date: December 2019 Adverse Effects Most common side effects reported for Lithium preparations are weight gain and hypothyroidism (common), followed by polyuria and polydipsia, diarrhoea, nausea/vomiting, dermatological effects (including exacerbation of existing dermatological conditions),