The East Bay Historia California State University, East Bay’s History Department Journal Volume 2, 2018 The East Bay Historia California State University, East Bay History Department Journal Volume 2, 2018 The annual publication of the Student Historical Society and the Department of History California State University, East Bay The East Bay Historia This issue of The East Bay Historia is dedicated to The first Pioneers whom attended California State University, East Bay (the State College for Alameda County/Alameda County State College) when classes were still being held at Hayward High School. Those Pioneers truly understood the true meaning of Per Aspera Ad Astra (Through Adversity to The Stars). “We were all pioneers in a new and exciting enterprise – the literal construction of a new and hopeful era.” – Dr. Charles Merrifield, Professor of Social Studies, 1964 The East Bay Historia History Department California State University, East Bay 25800 Carlos Bee Boulevard Student and Faculty Services, Room 442 Hayward, California, 94542 (510) 885-3207 The East Bay Historia is an annual publication of the California State University, East Bay (CSUEB) Student Historical Society. This volume was sponsored by the Friends of History. It aims to provide CSUEB students with an opportunity to publish historical works and to give students the experience of being on an editorial board and creating and designing an academic journal. Issues are published at the end of each academic year. All opinions or statements of fact are the sole responsibility of their authors and may not reflect the views of the editorial staff, the Student Historical Society, the History Department, or California State University, East Bay (CSUEB). The authors retain rights to their individual essays. California State University, East Bay’s Student Historical Society's mission is to promote the study of history at CSUEB, give history majors and non-history majors alike opportunities to express their passion for the subject, and to empower students, faculty, and staff who are studying or are interested in history. Cover photo of the Alameda County State College Pioneer, circa 1961. Copyright © 2018 by California State University, East Bay Department of History All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission. First Edition: May 2018 Printed in the United States of America iii The East Bay Historia Table of Contents Editorial Staff……………………………………………………..vi Introduction & Acknowledgments………………………………..vii Editor & Author Biographies……………………………………..viii Articles: The Environmental Crisis: Framework and History By Jennifer Faggiano…………...…………………………………..……1 ‘The World Will be a Mess’: The U-2 and American Public Opinion By Tyler Rust…………...………………………………………………11 Separation Anxiety: The Separation Pathos in Western Culture and the Discipline in Environmental History By Bryan Doherty…………...….………………………………………37 The Cultural Identity of the Oakland A’s By Bryan Sanchez…………...…………………………………….……49 Explosive Inhibitions: The Impact of the Atom Bomb in American Culture, 1945-Present By Nick Aprile…………...………………………………………..……64 The Ross-Yorke Controversy and Anti-Catholic Sentiment in Gilded Age San Francisco By Sabrina Harper…………...…….…………………………...………78 This Show Could Change Your Life: It’s Not a Costume By Edward White…………...…………………………………….……94 The Gracchi: Catalysts of the Collapse of the Roman Republic By Randy Utz…………...……………………………………….……112 Environmental Downfall in Ancient Greece By Shane Glover…………...………………………………….........…119 Jewish Immigration to America After World War II By Ivana Kurak…………...….……………………………………..…126 iv The East Bay Historia Globalization and the Death of a Nation: Yugoslavia, 1991-1999 By Michael Agostinelli…………...………………………………...…134 v The East Bay Historia Editorial Staff Editor-in-Chief Robyn Perry Editorial Board Jennifer Faggiano Mark Katz Alejandra Magallon Israel Sotelo Faculty Advisors Dr. Anna Alexander Dr. Kevin Kaatz vi The East Bay Historia Introduction & Acknowledgements Welcome to the second year of our journal, The East Bay Historia, Vol. II. The Journal was launched last year, and we were uncertain as to how successful it would be. Since its initial publication, many students, faculty, and alumni of the history department have commented on the quality of the articles published and that we finally have a venue for student research. Like last year, we were uncertain as to how many submissions we would receive, but our fears were unfounded--we received more submissions this year than last year, and we expect this trend to continue. The topics of the articles published in Vol. 2 range from Ancient Greece to the modern world and really highlight the depth and breadth of research from our undergraduate history majors and graduate students. This year the Student Editorial Board, consisting of Jennifer Faggiano, Mark Katz, Alejandra Magallon, and Israel Sotelo, received a number of papers and we are very proud to publish eleven articles. Those who have edited articles know how much time and effort it takes, and the Student Editorial Board went above-and-beyond what was expected in that they not only reviewed these submissions, they also provided extensive feedback. We owe a debt of gratitude for all the work they did and especially to Robyn Perry for doing the final copy editing. Finally, we would like to thank the Student Historical Society for its support, once again. We hope you enjoy reading The East Bay Historia, Vol. II! Professors Kevin Kaatz and Anna Alexander vii The East Bay Historia Editor & Author Biographies Michael Agostinelli, Jr. is a senior at Cal State East Bay majoring in both history and philosophy. His principal area of historical interest revolves around studying military conflicts of the past (regardless of era, though focusing mainly on wars involving Europe and the United States) and using lessons learned therein to better understand more recent conflicts. His writing is primarily inspired by the works of historians John Keegan and Donald Kagan. Last year, Michael contributed an article and served on the editorial board of our inaugural issue of The East Bay Historia. Nicholas Aprile is a third year History major at CSU East Bay and will be graduating in June of this year. It's hard for him to pick a favorite historical period or area because they are all so uniquely different. For example, he loves learning about ancient European cultures, but also has a strong interest in modern American history. His goal is to become a secondary school teacher, and he hopes to inspire students to not only understand the importance of history, but also enjoy learning it. Bryan Doherty is a student in the Graduate Program at Cal State East Bay with a thesis option with a focus in Ancient and Medieval history. Bryan has a particular interest in the peoples and cultures in the Ancient and Medieval world that are often outside the academic spotlight, many of these are "barbarian," cultures or those without a written tradition or are only part of the narrative of history in their relation to or interaction with the three major western powers of the Ancient World Greece, Rome and Egypt. It is Bryan's goal to teach history with a focus on the contributions and importance of these lesser-known cultures of the Ancient and Medieval world. Jennifer Faggiano graduated during the summer of 2017, receiving her BA in history. She is currently in her third quarter of the history MA program, focusing on teaching. After graduating next year, she will enter the credential program with the ultimate goal of becoming a high school history teacher. She has a deep love for medical history and spends much of her free time reading and listening to podcasts on the subject. Shane Glover is currently a junior/senior at CSUEB studying to become a biochemist. Since a young age, he has always been interested in ancient viii The East Bay Historia history, and he remembers his love of history growing the fifth grade when he did a report on Alexander the Great. This all culminated when he was fortunate enough to walk on the Great Wall of China and visit Boracay Island, which is one the locations the American and Philippine armies fought the Japanese. Sabrina Harper is a transfer student from Cañada College who will be graduating with a bachelor’s degree in United States History in May 2018. She is beginning the graduate program in United States History – Teaching Option in the fall. Sabrina is interested in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, particularly how the experiences of immigrants, African Americans, and women have impacted and been impacted by moments of conflict. An undercurrent that runs through all her work is that of politics, religion, and spirituality, especially as expressed in Catholicism. Sabrina works full-time at a Catholic parish in the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Mark Katz graduated from CSU East Bay in 2017 with a BA in American History. He is currently enrolled in the MA Program at CSUEB and is in the process of completing his first year. For him, twentieth century American History is his focus, particularly the impact American politics has had on citizens. After obtaining his MA he plans on working as a historian in the field of politics, government, or public policy at the federal, state, or local level. He believes that history is much more than a link to the past. It is understanding the context of the time in which we research. Mark served as a member of the editorial board for this volume of The East Bay Historia. Ivana Kurak is a history major at Cal State East Bay finishing her second year of graduate school with a university thesis option. Her thesis is titled, “Divine Mothers, Earth Goddesses, and Wicked Harlots: Refuting the Stereotypes of Counterculture Women In Northern California and New Mexico’s Communal Societies.” After graduation she hopes to work at a historical society or museum.