Arachnologische Mitteilungen / Arachnology Letters 54: 52-58 Karlsruhe, September 2017 New records of spiders (Araneae) from Portugal Jørgen Lissner doi: 10.5431/aramit5412 Abstract. Data about spiders collected in Portugal are presented. Two new species are described, Scotophaeus dolanskyi spec. nov. (Gnaphosidae) and Apostenus crespoi spec. nov. (Liocranidae). Three species are recorded for the first time in Portugal: Dysdera lata Wider, 1834 (Dysderidae), Scotophaeus validus (Lucas, 1846) and Euophrys nigripalpis Simon, 1937 (Salticidae). Illustrations of two rarely illustrated species are also presented: Nigma hortensis (Simon, 1870) (Dictynidae) and Canariphantes zonatus (Simon, 1884) (Linyphiidae). Keywords: Apostenus, Euophrys, Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, new species, Nigma, Scotophaeus, taxonomy Zusammenfassung. Neue Spinnennachweise (Araneae) aus Portugal. Es werden Daten von Spinnenaufsammlungen aus Portugal vorgestellt. Zwei neue Arten werden beschrieben, Scotophaeus dolanskyi spec. nov. (Gnaphosidae) und Apostenus crespoi spec. nov. (Liocranidae). Drei Arten werden erstmals für Portugal nachgewiesen, Dysdera lata Wider, 1834 (Dysderidae), Scotophaeus validus (Lucas, 1846) und Euophrys nigripalpis Simon, 1937 (Salticidae). Abbildungen zweier weiterer seltenen Arten werden präsentiert, Nigma horten- sis (Simon, 1870) (Dictynidae) und Canariphantes zonatus (Simon, 1884) (Linyphiidae). The spider fauna of Portugal currently includes 812 species (Nentwig et al. 2017) and is still incompletely known. This study deals with a small sample of spiders from mainland Por­ tugal collected by the author, additional small samples were made available by Jan Dolanský from the East Bohemian Museum in Pardubice, Czech Republic and Jorge Alexandre Mota de Almeida from the University of Coimbra, Portugal. Among the combined material (133 species, 239 specimens – see Supplementary File 1) two species are new to science Fig. 1: Nigma hortensis (Simon, 1870): a. epigyne in ventral view (hairs and three others new to Portugal. The aim of this study is to removed); b. vulva in ventral view. Scale bar 0.1 mm describe the new species, to present details of species recorded in Portugal for the first time and to provide illustrations of two rarely illustrated species. Material and methods Spiders were collected by hand, by shaking vegetation or by brushing stones above a tray. Illustrations were created from photos of selected features using a Leica Wild M10 stereo­ microscope fitted with a Leica DFC425 digital camera or a Leica 205 stereomicroscope fitted with a Leica DFC450 di­ gital camera. The microscopes were connected to computers with Leica Application Suite software, Zerene Stacker soft­ Fig. 2: Nigma hortensis (Simon, 1870), photos: a. epigyne in ventral view ware and the vector graphics editor Inkscape. (hairs removed); b. vulva in ventral view. Scale bar 0.1 mm The following abbreviations are used in the text: AER = anterior eye row Material examined. PORTUGAL, Viseu, Silgueiros, Póvoa ALE = anterior lateral eyes Dão (N40°32’56’’, W7°56’37’’), mixed forest with clearings ( AME = anterior median eyes (230 m), 29.IV.2007, 1 leg. Jorge Mota Almeida (CJL­ CJL = collection Jørgen Lissner 4241). NHMD = Natural History Museum of Denmark Comments. The species is known from Portugal, Spain, PER = posterior eye row France, Italy and Algeria (Nentwig et al. 2017). The male palp PLE = posterior lateral eyes has been depicted by Barrientos & Ferrández (1982), Simon PME = posterior median eyes. (1914) and Wunderlich (2011), but apparently the epigyne was never illustrated. The female here is matched withN. hor- Taxonomy tensis as it is similar to photos of the epigyne made available Nigma hortensis (Simon, 1870) (Dictynidae) (Figs 1­2) by Oger (2017). This site presents photos of the male palp, Dictyna hortensis Simon 1870: 296 (without figures) female epigyne and vulva from a male and a female collec­ Previous records from Portugal were compiled by Morano et ted together. The lateral plates are much reduced compared to al. (2014) those of Nigma puella (Simon, 1870), notched and widely se­ parated (Figs 1a, 2a). They are practically invisible unless the Jørgen LissNER, Natural History Museum Aarhus, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 210, Univer- dense clothing of hairs in the epigynal area is scraped off. In sitetsparken, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] the illustrated specimen parts of the vulva is visible through submitted 1.4.2017, accepted 3.8.2017, online 16.8.2017 the integument (Fig. 2a). The vulva is illustrated in Fig. 1b New spider records from Portugal 53 based on the photo in Fig. 2b. The copulatory openings are only clearly visible in a detached epigyne/vulva. Dysdera lata Reuss, 1834 (Dysderidae) Dysdera lata Reuss 1834: 196 (without figures) Material examined. PORTUGAL, Lisbon, Santa Maria Maior, near Castelo de São Jorge (N38°42’53’’, W9°8’3.4’’), ) lot with weeds and bushes (60 m), 12.III.2014, 1 juvenile (matured in captivity around Oct. 10, 2014), leg. Jørgen Liss­ Fig. 4: Scotophaeus dolanskyi Lissner spec. nov.: a. right chelicera in pos- terior view showing positions of teeth on pro- and retromargin; b. mouth- ner (CJL­9913). parts; c. opisthosoma in dorsal view showing extent of the scutum. Scale Comments. New to Portugal. A juvenile male was found in a bars a., b. 0.2 mm; c. 1 mm vacant lot adjacent to Castelo de São Jorge in the centre of Lis­ bon. It matured in captivity. According to Kovblyuk et al. (2008) D. lata differs from the closely related D. westringi O. Pickard­ Cambridge, 1872 by having the flattened bulbus furnished with 3­7 teeth (D. westringi has no teeth on it). The hitherto western­ most locality for D. lata was Majorca (Bosmans et al. in press) but the new record from the present study extends the known range about 1000 km to the west. The identification was confir­ med by Miquel Arnedo, University of Barcelona, Spain. Scotophaeus dolanskyi Lissner spec. nov. (Gnaphosidae) (Figs 3­5) Etymology. The species is dedicated to the collector of the species, the outstanding arachnologist, Jan Dolanský, with . Fig. 5: Scotophaeus dolanskyi Lissner spec. nov. a. left male palp in ventral whom I am very honoured to collaborate with view; b. same in retrolateral view; c. apex of male palp tibial apophysis in Type material. PORTUGAL: Beja, Moura, Sobral da Adiça retrolateral (viewed slightly from above); d. same in dorsal view. Scale bars (N37°58’40’’, W7°17’39’’), holotype ♂, forest steppe/maquis a., b. 0.25 mm; c. 0.2 mm; d. 0.1 mm. Ta = Terminal apophysis with two (350 m), 27.III.2013 (specimen matured in captivity Aug. 22, hook-like projections, C = conductor, e = embolus, M = median apophysis 2013), Jan Dolanský leg., CJL­9049, deposited at NHMD. Diagnosis. The three­pointed tibial apophysis readily separa­ tes the new species from other European Scotophaeus species Colour. General appearance as in Fig. 3. Carapace yellow for which males are known. It is possible that the new species brown, not darkened at margins, densely covered with simple is the unknown male of either S. retusus (Simon, 1878), S. acu- hairs appearing whitish in flash photography of live specimen leatus Simon, 1914, S. brolemanni Simon, 1914 or S. fabrisae (Fig. 3), but greyish­brown in alcohol preserved specimen. Caporiacco, 1950. Only the former species has been recorded Prosoma. Fovea distinct. Eye group relatively compact for a in Portugal while the three latter are known from France or Scotophaeus (Fig. 3, inset). Median eyes larger than laterals, Italy. Since this a poorly known genus the differences of the AME largest (0.17) and distinctly ringed with black. PME new species to other European and Macaronesian species are (0.14) slightly oblique, PLE (0.14), ALE (0.15). PER stron­ elaborated in the comments section. gly procurved as seen in dorsal view, AER slightly recurved and not as wide as PER. Height of clypeus equal to half the Description of male diameter of an anterior median eye. Edge of clypeus with a Measurements (n=1), body length 5.9, carapace length 2.7, row of strong setae. Maxillae narrowed at middle, converging width 2.1. in front of labium, lateral sides concave in anterior half (Fig. 4b). Labium spatulate, slightly longer than wide. Chelicerae with three discrete teeth on promargin and one on retromar­ gin (Fig. 4a). A modified plumose seta, slightly swollen corre­ sponding to type (b) in Murphy (2007, p. 30), emerges from near the base of the fang (Fig. 4a). Leg formula IV­I­II­III. Legs spinose. Scopulae rather weakly developed, very similar to those of S. blackwalli. Opisthosoma. Elliptical, covered with mousy grey pube­ scence. Scutum short, hardly reaching dorsum of opisthoso­ ma (Fig. 4c). Brachiate setae appear completely absent, in­ cluding on the rim of the anterior lateral spinnerets, but here with a slightly swollen plumose seta corresponding to type (b) in Murphy (2007). Male palp. With a short tibial apophysis, the tip has three pointed processes when seen in retrolateral view and slightly Fig. 3: Scotophaeus dolanskyi Lissner spec. nov. Habitus of male. Inset: from above (Figs. 5b­d). Only basal part of the retrolateral close-up of eye configuration tibial apophysis is visible in ventral view (Fig. 5a). Palpal bulb 54 J. Lissner with a hooked median apophysis. Terminal apophysis con­ Scotophaeus validus (Lucas, 1846) (Gnaphosidae) (Figs 6­8) sists of a large sclerite with two hook­like outgrowths. Em­ Drassus validus Lucas 1846: 213, pl. 12, f. 10. bolus appears to arise from a broadened base, becoming thin Material examined. PORTUGAL: Beja, Moura, Sobral da and straight toward apex. The embolus is nearly hidden by a Adiça (N37°58’40’’, W7°17’39’’), 1♀, forest steppe/maquis membranous conductor in ventral view, in retrolateral view it (350 m), 27.III.2013, Jan Dolanský leg., CJL­8794; SPAIN: is invisible. Majorca, La Palma, Castillo de San Carlos (N39°32’47’’, Comments. The new species belongs to theEchemus group of W2°37’17’’), 1 ♀, pine grove, 16 m a.s.l., 29.IV.2014, J.