0008-7114 Caryologia 2020 International Journal of Cytology, Vol. 73 - n. 1 Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics FIRENZE PRESSUNIVERSITY Caryologia. International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Caryologia is devoted to the publication of original papers, and occasionally of reviews, about plant, animal and human kar- yological, cytological, cytogenetic, embryological and ultrastructural studies. Articles about the structure, the organization and the biological events relating to DNA and chromatin organization in eukaryotic cells are considered. Caryologia has a strong tradition in plant and animal cytosystematics and in cytotoxicology. Bioinformatics articles may be considered, but only if they have an emphasis on the relationship between the nucleus and cytoplasm and/or the structural organization of the eukaryotic cell. Editor in Chief Associate Editors Alessio Papini Alfonso Carabez-Trejo - Mexico City, Mexico Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale Katsuhiko Kondo - Hagishi-Hiroshima, Japan Università degli Studi di Firenze Canio G. Vosa - Pisa, Italy Via La Pira, 4 – 0121 Firenze, Italy Subject Editors Mycology Plant Cytogenetics Histology and Cell Biology Renato Benesperi Lorenzo Peruzzi Alessio Papini Università di Firenze, Italy Università di Pisa Università di Firenze Human and Animal Cytogenetics Plant Karyology and Phylogeny Zoology Michael Schmid Andrea Coppi Mauro Mandrioli University of Würzburg, Germany Università di Firenze Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia Editorial Assistant Sara Falsini Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy Editorial Advisory Board G. Berta - Alessandria, Italy G. Delfino - Firenze, Italy M. Mandrioli - Modena, Italy D. Bizzaro - Ancona, Italy S. D'Emerico - Bari, Italy G. C. Manicardi - Modena, Italy A. Brito Da Cunha - Sao Paulo, Brazil F. Garbari - Pisa, Italy P. Marchi - Roma, Italy E. Capanna - Roma, Italy C. Giuliani - Milano, Italy M. Ruffini Castiglione - Pisa, Italy D. Cavalieri - San Michele all'Adige, Italy M. Guerra - Recife, Brazil L. Sanità di Toppi - Parma, Italy E. H. Y. Chu - Ann Arbor, USA W. Heneen - Svalöf, Sweden C. Steinlein - Würzburg, Germany R. Cremonini - Pisa, Italy L. Iannuzzi - Napoli, Italy J. Vallès - Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain M. Cresti - Siena, Italy J. Limon - Gdansk, Poland Q. Yang - Beijing, China G. Cristofolini - Bologna, Italy J. Liu - Lanzhou, China P. Cro sti - Milano, Italy N. Mandahl - Lund, Sweden Cover: figure from the article inside by Shambhavi et al. "Phagocytic events, associated lipid peroxidation and peroxidase activity in hemocytes of silkworm Bombyx mori induced by microsporidian infection". Electron microscope observations of silkworm hemocytes after microsporidian infection at the nucleus level. Caryologia International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Volume 73, Issue 1 - 2020 Firenze University Press Caryologia. International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Published by Firenze University Press – University of Florence, Italy Via Cittadella, 7 - 50144 Florence - Italy http://www.fupress.com/caryologia Copyright © 2019 Authors. The authors retain all rights to the original work without any restrictions. Open Access. This issue is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY-4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give ap- propriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0) waiver applies to the data made available in this issue, unless otherwise stated. Firenze University Press Caryologia www.fupress.com/caryologia International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Karyotypic investigation concerning five Bromus Species from several populations in Iran Citation: S. Sadeghian, A. Hatami, M. Riasat (2020) Karyotypic investigation concerning five Bromus Species from several populations in Iran. Caryolo- Sara Sadeghian, Ahmad Hatami, Mehrnaz Riasat gia 73(1): 3-10. doi: 10.13128/caryolo- gia-863 Research Division of Natural Resources Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran Received: April, 2019 *Corresponding author: [email protected] Accepted: February, 2020 Abstract. Karyotypes of five taxa (fourteen populations) of the genus Bromus from Published: May 8, 2020 different geographic origins is presented: B. scoparius, B. japonicus, B. madritensis, B. Copyright: © 2020 S. Sadeghian, A. rubens and B. tomentellus. The ploidy levels were different. B. scoparius and B. japoni- Hatami, M. Riasat. This is an open cus were found 2n=2x=14, B. madritensis and B. rubens were found 2n=4x=28 and B. access, peer-reviewed article pub- tomentellus were found 2n=6x=42. Detailed karyotype analysis allows us to group the lished by Firenze University Press different populations and to postulate relationships among them. (http://www.fupress.com/caryologia) and distributed under the terms of the Keywords. Bromus, Chromosome, Karyology, Iran. Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distri- bution, and reproduction in any medi- um, provided the original author and source are credited. INTRODUCTION Data Availability Statement: All rel- evant data are within the paper and its The genus Bromus L. belongs tribe Bromeae and Poaceae family. The Supporting Information files. taxon includes about 160 annual and perennial species (Acedo and Liamas, Competing Interests: The Author(s) 2001) distributed all over the world. Bromus species are distributed in tem- declare(s) no conflict of interest. perate regions and are always exist with rangeland species (Verloove, 2012). It is an important rangeland plant species in Iran, which are placed in 6 sec- tions; Bromus, Genea, Nevskiella, Neobromus, Ceratochla and Pnigma (Bor, 1970) (Table 1). The Genea section is the widest section of the Bromus genus in terms of geographic distribution (sales, 1994). Bromus species are known as the species with various intra-specific ploidy levels and form different ecotypes with various characteristics. Hill (1965) recorded up to 112 chromosomes for B. erectus. Devesa et al. (1990) indicates the importance of cytological studies for understanding the evolu- tion of the genus Bromus. Naganowas ka (1993) used genetic distances esti- mated based on centromeric index and total chromosome length to investi- gate interrelationships of several species of Bromus. Yang and Dunn (1997) recorded various levels of polyploidy in B. inermis Leyss. Martinello and Schifino-Wittmann (2003) studied 14 accessions of Bromus auleticus. Their accessions were all hexaploid and the high symmetry and homogeneity of the karyotypes made it difficult to detect possible intraspecific differences. Massa et al. (2004) proposed a taxonomic treatment within Bromus sect. Ceratochloa of South America. Their plant materials included 28 hexaploid Caryologia. International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics 73(1): 3-10, 2020 ISSN 0008-7114 (print) | ISSN 2165-5391 (online) | DOI: 10.13128/caryologia-863 4 Sara Sadeghian, Ahmad Hatami, Mehrnaz Riasat (2n=6x=42) populations and 2 octaploid (2n=8x=56) Therefore, to investigate the relationship between spe- populations. Oja and Laarmann (2002) also recorded cies, these species have been used in this study. different ploidy levels within species of Bromus (2n=14, 28, 42 and 56). Sheidai and Fadaei (2005) studied ten populations of six Bromus species and the species pos- MATERIALS AND METHODS sess karyotypes varying from 2n = 2x = 14 (diploid) to 2n = 4x = 28 (tetraploid). Fourteen populations of five Bromus species: B. Mirzaie-Nodoushan et al. (2006a) investigated kary- tomentellus (three populations) belong to Pnigma sec- otypic of some Bromus species in Iran and indicated that tion, B. madritensis (two populations) and B. rubens populations of the species were differed in their karyo- (three populations) belong to Genea section and B. sco- typic characteristics and ploidy levels of the populations parius (three population) and B. japonicus (three popu- were varied from 2n=14 to 2n=84. Mirzaie-Nodoushan lation) belong to Bromus section were studied (Table 1). et al. (2006b) also reported evolutionary karyotypic Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of variation in B. tomentellus populations in Iran and Fars Research and Education Center for Agriculture and confirmed the existence of high levels of ploidy as well Natural Resources and in gene bank RIFR (Research as existence of dodecaploid karyotypes in the species. Institute of Forest and Rangelands) of Iran. Sadeghian and et al. (2010) studied nine populations Root tip meristems from seedling obtained by the of three Bromus species (B. danthoniae, B. sterilis and germination of ripe seeds collected from natural popu- B. tectorum) and reported that all species were diploid lations (14 populations, representing 5 species) on wet with 2n=2x=14. Artico et al. (2017) also reported that the filter paper in Petri dishes and left at 22°C temperature. chromosomal number of B. Linnaeus was 2n = 6x = 42. When they reached 1-1.5 cm in length, rootlets were col- Since the karyological information is the basic lected. The material was pretreated in %0.5 saturated requirement of a breeding program, in this study, 14 α-Bromo naphthalene at 4°C for 4 h, fixed in %10 for- populations of Bromus