FRENCH REVOLUTION STUDY AND EXAM GUIDE This PDF contains a selection of sample pages from HTAV's French Revolution Study and Exam Guide Darius von Güttner Natalie Shephard Ian Lyell FRENCH REVOLUTION STUDY AND EXAM GUIDE 1 First published 2018 by: CONTENTS History Teachers’ Association of Victoria Reproduction and communication for educational purposes: Suite 105 This publication is protected by the Australian Copyright Act 134–136 Cambridge Street 1968 (the Act). The Act allows a maximum of one chapter Collingwood VIC 3066 or 10 per cent of the pages of this publication, whichever is Australia the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or the body that administers Phone 03 9417 3422 it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Fax 03 9419 4713 Limited (CAL) under the Act. For details of the CAL licence for Web www.htav.asn.au educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limited © HTAV 2018 Level 11, 66 Goulburn Street, Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 9394 7600 | Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601 | French Revolution Study and Exam Guide Email: [email protected] by Darius von Guttner, Natalie Shephard and Ian Lyell. REVISION CHECKLISTS . 5 Reproduction and communication for other purposes: Revision Checklist—Area of Study 1: Causes of Revolution ISBN 978 1 8755 8514 4 Except as permitted under the Act (for example: a fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review) no part (1774 to October 1789) . .5 . Publisher: Georgina Argus of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval Revision Checklist—Area of Study 2: Consequences of Revolution Typesetting and design: Sally Bond system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any pages Curriculum consultant: Ingrid Purnell means without prior written permission from the History (October 1789 to 1795) . .8 . Teachers’ Association of Victoria. All inquiries should be made to the publisher at the address above. Printed by: Print Impressions www.printimpressions.com.au Acknowledgements: AREA OF STUDY 1: CAUSES OF REVOLUTION (1774 TO OCTOBER 1789) . 10 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the Cover images: INTERFOTO / Alamy Stock Photo; MoonRock/ authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the HTAV. Shutterstock.com; Tortoon/Shutterstock.com; p16 Classic Timeline of Key Events . 10 While reasonable checks have been made to ensure the accuracy Image / Alamy Stock Photo of statements and advice, no responsibility can be accepted for Key Ideas . 12. errors or omissions, however caused. No responsibility for any Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright. loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a However, should any infringement have occurred, the publishers Key Individuals . 14 result of material in this publication is accepted by the authors or offer their apologies and invite the copyright owners to contact the HTAV. them. Key Movements . 16 Topic 1: Tensions under the Ancien Régime (1774 to 1789) . 18 Topic 2: The Enlightenment and Attempts at Reform (1774 to 1789) . 20 Topic 3: The Aristocratic Revolt and Demands for Reform (1787 to August 1788) . 24 Topic 4: Towards Popular Sovereignty (September 1788 to June 1789) . 27 Topic 5: The Revolution Materialises (July to October 1789) . 31 IMPORTANT: please check the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA)sample website for the Mindmap: Causes of the Revolution . 34 latest exam and assessment advice: www .vcaa .vic .edu .au Sample exams and assessments in this book may differ from what students actually sit . FRENCH REVOLUTION STUDY AND EXAM GUIDE 3 REVISION CHECKLISTS AREA OF STUDY 2: CONSEQUENCES OF REVOLUTION (OCTOBER 1789 TO 1795) . .36 Timeline of Key Events . 36 Key Individuals . 38 Key Groups . 40 Topic 1: Early Reforms (November 1789 to 1790) . 42 LEGEND Topic 2: The End of the Revolutionary Consensus (1791 to August 1792) . 47 AREA OF STUDY 1: CAUSES OF REVOLUTION key ideas Topic 3: War Emergency and the Terror (September 1792 to mid-1794) . 50 (1774 TO OCTOBER 1789) key individuals Topic 4: The Thermidorian Reaction and the Consolidation Revise all of the key knowledge in this guide carefully, and then test whether you can key movements (mid-1794 to 26 October 1795) . 54 explain it to another person OR write about it in a practice exam question. You should Topic 5: Changes to Everyday Life (1789 to 1795) . 56 key events be able to explain the nature and significance of key ideas, individuals and movements. Mindmap: Consequences of the Revolution . 58 REVISED FRANCE AOS1 KEY KNOWLEDGE (tick when pages complete) GUIDE TO ASSESSMENT IN HISTORY: REVOLUTIONS . 60. Absolutism, absolute monarchy, rule by divine right Overview of School Assessed Coursework tasks (SACS) . 60 Overview of the Examination . 63 Ancien Régime, feudal society, estates of realm How are SACS and the Exam Assessed? . 64 Culture of deference General Guidance for SACs and Exams . 66 Tips for Historical Writing . 68 Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Bourbon dynasty Responding to Source Analysis Questions . 70 TOPIC 1 Social inequalities, noble and clerical privilege Writing Extended Responses . 75 Tensions under the Friction between monarchy and Parlements Writing Essays . 77 Ancien Régime (1774–1789) Peasant grievances SAMPLE EXAM AND RESPONSE GUIDE . .80 France’s support for American War of Independence Section A . 82 Section B . sample. 84 Failed attempts at reform: Necker, Calonne, Loménie de Brienne Response Guide . 86 Necker’s Compte Rendu au Roi ONLINE FRENCH REVOLUTION KEY KNOWLEDGE QUIZZES . 94 Marquis de Lafayette 4 FRENCH REVOLUTION STUDY AND EXAM GUIDE 5 REVISION CHECKLIST REVISED REVISED FRANCE AOS1 KEY KNOWLEDGE (tick when FRANCE AOS1 KEY KNOWLEDGE (tick when complete) complete) Philosophes: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot Dismissal of Necker TOPIC 2 Political representation and accountability Storming and fall of Bastille The Enlightenment and Attempts at General will and separation of powers TOPIC 5 ‘Great Fear’ Reform The Revolution Institutions: Parlements, Estates-General August Decrees and Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1774–1789) Materialises (July–October 1789) Freedom of speech October Days and Women’s March to Versailles Assembly of Notables: attack on ‘ministerial despotism’ Paris Commune and Paris Sections TOPIC 3 Agitation from nobles and Parlements Camille Desmoulins The Aristocratic Revolt and Demands Calling of Estates-General and Cahiers de Doléances for Reform (1787–August 1788) Day of Tiles and Estates of Dauphine KEY QUOTES Create a table like the one below and, for each topic, write down three quotes expressing a view on that topic – two Harvest crisis and food shortages from historians and one from a person who lived at the time. Political demands of Third Estate pages Tick when FRANCE AOS1 KEY QUOTE complete Pamphlet war Inequalities of Ancien Régime i) ii) iii) ‘Doubling of Third Estate’ Louis XVI’s actions i) ii) iii) Abbé Sieyès’ critique of privilege Enlightenment ideas i) ii) iii) TOPIC 4 Towards Popular Réveillon Riots Pamphlet war, including Sieyès’ What Is the i) ii) iii) Sovereignty Third Estate? (September 1788– Voting by head or by order June 1789) Economic factors, including bankruptcy of Crown i) ii) iii) Declaration of National Assembly Power struggles, e g. ‘war with Parlements’, i) ii) iii) Assembly of Notables Tennis Court Oath Political events, e .g . formation of National Assembly, King’s concessions at Royal Session i) ii) iii) sample Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Comte de Mirabeau Attempts to abolish feudalism, i) ii) iii) e .g . Night of 4 August, August Decrees Popular events, e .g . October Days, Women’s March, i) ii) iii) Day of the Tiles, Réveillon Riots 6 FRENCH REVOLUTION STUDY AND EXAM GUIDE 7 REVISION CHECKLIST LEGEND AREA OF STUDY 2: CONSEQUENCES OF REVOLUTION REVISED challenges in FRANCE AOS2 KEY KNOWLEDGE (tick when consolidating power (OCTOBER 1789 TO 1795) complete) compromises to Revolutionary violence ideals Revise all of the key knowledge in this guide carefully, and then test whether you can explain this content to another person OR write about it in a practice exam question. TOPIC 4 Terror and repression key individuals You should be able to explain challenges faced by the new regime in consolidating The Thermidorian power, conditions that influenced leaders to compromise their revolutionary ideals, key Policies of political, economic and social control diverse experiences Reaction and the individuals that changed society and diverse experiences of the revolution. Consolidation Strategies to stay in power REVISED (mid-1794– FRANCE AOS2 KEY KNOWLEDGE (tick when 26 October 1795) Political and social changes complete) Challenges in consolidating power Constitution of Year III Peasants TOPIC 1 Reform and revitalisation of France: end of feudalism Early Reforms Nobility and bourgeois elites Changes to laws and taxes (November 1789– TOPIC 5 Religion 1790) Introduction of popular sovereignty and representative government Changes to Everyday Life Transition from absolute to constitutional monarchy and Women abolition of privileged corporations (1789–1795) Trade and commerce Marquis de Lafayette Law and politics Reforms to Catholic Church pages Abolition of slavery TOPIC 2 Constitution of 1791 KEY QUOTES The End of the Create a table like the one below and, for each topic, write down three quotes expressing Revolutionary