Higher Education in Regional and City Development and Regional in Education Higher Higher Education in Regional and City Development Bío Bío Region, Chile Higher Education in Regional and City The Bío Bío Region has pioneered regional development in Chile. It has a high concentration of higher education and research activity. Its universities and other Development higher education institutions have made significant progress in widening access to education. But challenges remain: the Bío Bío Region continues to suffer from brain Bío Bío Region, Chile drain as well as higher than average unemployment and poverty rates. How can the Bío Bío Region promote new business formation and the development of the existing small and medium-sized companies? What incentives are needed to improve higher education institutions’ regional and local orientation? How can higher education institutions move from knowledge generation towards knowledge transfer? This joint OECD and World Bank review explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional reforms to mobilise higher education for the development of the Bío Bío Region. It is part of the series of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them. Bío Bío Region, Chile Region, Bío Bío The full text of this book is available on line via these links: www.sourceoecd.org/education/9789264088931 Those with access to all OECD books on line should use this link: www.sourceoecd.org/9789264088931 SourceOECD is the OECD’s online library of books, periodicals and statistical databases. For more information about this award-winning service and free trials, ask your librarian, or write to us at [email protected]. 89 2010 06 1 E www.oecd.org/publishing Higher Education in Regional and City Development Bío Bío Region, Chile 2010 ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where governments work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. The World Bank is one of the world’s largest sources of funding and knowledge for developing countries. The World Bank is not a bank in the common sense, but a group of 5 development institutions, owned by 185 member countries, playing a different but collaborative role to help developing countries reduce poverty, increase economic growth and improve their quality of life. In particular, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) focuses on middle income and creditworthy poor countries, while the International Development Association (IDA) focuses on the poorest countries in the world. Together they provide low interest loans, interest-free credits and grants in support of education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector development, agriculture, and environmental and natural resource management. Since its establishment IDA has provided credits and grants totaling USD 161 billion. In fiscal year 2008, IBRD provided loans equivalent to USD 13.4 billion and IDA credits equivalent to USD 11.2 billion. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation, the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank, or of the governments they represent. ISBN 978-92-64-08893-1 (PDF) Series: Higher Education in Regional and City Development ISSN 2218-3140 (online) Photo credits: Cover image design © Francisco Esquer Mares. Cover photo © José Linez Gonzáles. 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FOREWORD – 3 Foreword Universities and other higher education institutions can play a key role in human capital development and innovation systems in their cities and regions. Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development are the OECD’s vehicle to mobilise higher education for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. The reviews analyse how the higher education system impacts local and regional development and help how this impact can be improved. In addition to human capital and skills development, technology transfer and business innovation, the reviews also considers higher education’s contribution to social, cultural and environmental development and regional capacity building. The review process facilitates partnership building in regions by drawing together higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and work together towards them. To know more about the OECD review process and requirements, visit Higher Education and Regions’ website at www.oecd.org/edu/imhe/regionaldevelopment. These reviews are part of a wider multi-annum work of higher education in cities and regions coordinated by the OECD Programme on Institutional Management of Higher Education (IMHE). In 2004-07, the OECD/IMHE conducted an extensive study with fourteen regional reviews across 12 countries. This resulted in the OECD flagship publication Higher Education and Regions: Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged (OECD, 2007) with recommendations to benefit both higher education institutions and national and regional governments. In 2008, the OECD/IMHE launched a second series of OECD Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development to address the demand by national and regional governments for more responsive and proactive higher education institutions. As a result, 14 regions in 11 countries have undergone the OECD review process in 2008-10. The reviews are conducted in collaboration with international organisations and associations and other OECD programmes and directorates. This work also supports the OECD Innovation Strategy and OECD Green Growth Strategy. HIGHER EDUCATION IN REGIONAL AND CITY DEVELOPMENT: THE BÍO BÍO REGION, CHILE – © OECD 2010 4 – FOREWORD This OECD/World Bank review of the Bío Bío Region in Chile has pioneering in three ways: it has been the first of its kind to be conducted in Chile; the first to be conducted in collaboration with the World Bank; and was the inaugural region reviewed of the second round of OECD Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. This OECD/World Bank review calls for closer collaboration between higher education institutions and regional and local government to help secure sustainable development. As the people of the Bío Bío Region rebuild their society and their economy after the devastating earthquake of February 2010, it is more than ever essential that these institutions and organisms work together to bring recovery and progress. HIGHER EDUCATION IN REGIONAL AND CITY DEVELOPMENT: THE BÍO BÍO REGION, CHILE –© OECD 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 5 Acknowledgements Numerous national and regional stakeholders and representatives of higher education institutions provided valuable insights during the review visit and in the form of comments. This OECD report is based on data published up to and including 2009. The OECD and the World Bank would like to thank in particular the lead coordinators and other active local counterparts for this review: Martin Zilic, Andrés Viveros, Sergio Lavanchy, Héctor Gaete, Juan Cancino, Javier Vera, Aldo Ballerini, Claudio