Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry (2011) 20 (Suppl 1):S7–S223 DOI 10.1007/s00787-011-0181-5 ABSTRACTS S2-01-1 serotonin (5-HT) has been linked to affective and emotional pro- Puzzling the mosaic-elucidating functional roles cesses, with evidence coming from human studies involving adults of genes in ADHD pathophysiology and pharmacological studies using the administration of SSRIs. However, studies in children and adolescents are scarce, and it is not known how an acute central nervous deficit in 5-HT synthesis affects Renner, Tobias affective and emotional processes in adolescents with ADHD. The present study investigated the effects of an acutely diminished central University of Wu¨rzburg, Department of Child and Adolescent nervous 5-HT synthesis in combination with functional magnetic Psychiatry, Germany resonance imaging (fMRI) in order to study the neural correlates of processing emotional stimuli in adolescents with ADHD. Background: Altered neurotransmission plays a major role in the Methods: Male patients with ADHD aged 9–17 years received the pathophysiology of ADHD. Molecular genetic approaches aim to rapid tryptophan depletion-test (RTD) Moja-De in a double-blind reveal new candidates and their specific impact on functional levels. within-subject crossover-design. They participated on 2 days in the Objectives/aims: In a differential approach we aimed to elucidate the investigation, with the two testing days spaced 7 days apart. On one potential role of KCNJ6, a gene involved in monoaminergic neuro- day they received the RTD-test Moja-De within an amino acid drink transmission, in the pathophysiology of ADHD, especially in lacking tryptophan (TRP), the physiological precursor amino acid of cognitive functions and reward processes. 5-HT, thus leading to a diminished central nervous 5-HT synthesis. Methods: Association between KCNJ6 and ADHD was investigated On a second day they received a TRP balanced amino acid mixture as in two independent samples. Further, the influence of rs7275707 on a control condition. Under depletion/the control condition the par- brain activation of ADHD patients and healthy controls during a ticipants had to do an emotional word-face matching task in an fMRI continuous performance test (EEG) and in healthy probands during environment (Siemens Trio, 3T) in a rapid event-related task design. reward conditions (fMRI) was assessed. Results and discussion: We will show imaging data on the seroto- Results: Association was found in the family-based design, but not in nergic modulation of brain regions involved while the subjects the adult case-control sample. A specific effect of rs7275707 on brain performed the emotional word-face matching paradigm. Implications activation in ADHD patients and a general influence on reward for neurocircuitries involved in affective, cognitive and emotional related activation was detected. processing will be discussed. Conclusions: Though association with the general ADHD phenotype was not confirmed, our results indicate a specific influence of KCNJ6 on brain activation in ADHD and a role as general modulator in reward processes. S2-01-3 Neuronal inhibition and its modulation by TMS- neurotherapeutic perspectives for ADHD S2-01-2 Bender, Stephan Neural correlates of processing emotional stimuli in children and adolescents with ADHD: an fMRI study University of Dresden, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Germany on serotonergic modulation Background: The inhibition of unwanted movements is a core problem in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Trans- 1 1 1 Zepf, Florian ; Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate ; Gaber, Tilman Jakob ; cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a compelling method to assess 1 1 2 Helmbold, Katrin ; Bubenzer, Sarah ; Fink, Gereon Rudolf ; and influence inhibition in the brain. 1 Baurmann, David Objectives/aim: What can TMS tell us about inhibitory deficits in ADHD? Can these deficits be ameliorated by a TMS intervention 1RWTH Aachen University, Department of Child and Adolescent (repetitive TMS)? Psychiatry, Germany; 2University of Cologne and Ju¨lich Research Methods: We assessed an inhibitory component of the EEG-response Centre, Department of Neurology, Germany to TMS in 8–14-year-old ADHD children and whether a TMS intervention would influence this inhibition marker (N100). Background: Children and adolescents with ADHD often show co- Results: We found a reduced N100 in ADHD children. During a 1-Hz varying problems in affective regulation. The neurotransmitter TMS intervention, there was a significant further decrease and no 123 S8 Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry (2011) 20 (Suppl 1):S7–S223 normalization of this inhibitory EEG-response. There were no sig- its mother and father. Furthermore, the aim is to evaluate how pre- nificant effects on hyperactive behaviour with this TMS-protocol. natal marital satisfaction and parent’s prenatal anxiety is related to the Conclusions: The EEG-response to TMS reveals inhibition deficits in quality of triadic interaction when the child is 18 months old. ADHD and is an excellent marker to monitor TMS-intervention Study subjects and methods: The study groups include 70 families effects-because TMS protocols must be optimized in order to ame- with low and 76 families with high marital satisfaction during preg- liorate behavioural symptoms. nancy. Marital satisfaction is assessed using Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) at 20th gestational weeks. Mother’s and father’s prenatal representations of their child are assessed using Working Model of Child Interview (WMCI) during the period of 28–32 gestational S2-01-S weeks. The triadic family interaction is assessed in a Lausanne Tri- Progress in understanding and treatment of ADHD—a logue Play (LTP) setting using a Family Alliance Assessment Scale neurobiological perspective (FAAS) at 18 months of child’s age. Results: Preliminary results showed that mother’s prenatal attach- Rothenberger, Aribert1; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph2 ment representations were related to the family alliance when the child was 18 month old. However, father’s prenatal attachment rep- resentations were not related to the family alliance. The final results 1University of Goettingen, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the associations between prenatal marital satisfaction, parental Germany; 2University of Aalborg, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, anxiety and family alliance will be presented in the symposium. Denmark Overview: Neurobiological research in ADHD is rapidly and suc- cessfully progressing. It seems important to provide a perspective which tries to check the practical value of the obtained results, S2-02-2 especially related to improvement of understanding, psychoeducation and treatment of ADHD. The three presentations of this symposium Risk and protective factors in the development allow to give new insights into the pathophysiology of ADHD (here: of mother–father–child interactions from pregnancy genetics, neurochemistry and neurophysiology) as well as possible to the preschool age new treatment approaches (here: neurotherapeutics via electrical brain stimulation and serotoninergic modulation of emotions and cogni- Simonelli, Alessandra; Petech, Erika; Bighin, Mara; De Palo, F. tion). Hence, the symposium will present empirical evidence which may be relevant for future clinical use. University of Padova, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Italy S2-02-1 Background: Authors highlighted the need to take into account the Effects of parents’ prenatal attachment, marital role of risk and protective factors for the family development when satisfaction and parent’s anxiety on the quality considering non-referred populations (Sameroff, McDonough, and of triadic interaction with 18 months old child Rosenblum, 2003). Within a systemic perspective it is relevant to identify if there are factors that can influence the development of the child and the family interactive context addressing them towards 1 2 3 Korja, Riikka ;Ra¨iha¨, Hannele ; Tammisto, Riia ; adaptive or dysfunctional directions in the medium/long term. 2 4 Ahlqvist-Bjo¨rkroth, Sari ; Aromaa, Minna ; Aims: The research analyzed the development of mother-father-child 5 6 5 Savonlahti, Elina ; Junttila, Niina ; Piha, Jorma ; interactions from pregnancy to the preschool age and identified the 7 Steps-, Study Group role of individual factors (attachment history, postnatal depression) and contextual sources of stress and support (coparental and marital 1University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Div. relationship, father involvement) for the child and family of Psychology and Dpt of Child Psychiatry, Finland; 2University development. of Turku, Division of Psychology, Finland; 3University of Turku Materials and methods: 70 families were seen prenatally (7th month and Turku University Hospital, Division of Psychology and Dpt of pregnancy) and postnatally (4, 9, 12 months and 4th year of the of Child Psychiatry, Finland; 4University of Turku, Department child). Observational measures (Pre- and Post-natal Lausanne Tri- of Public Health, Finland; 5University of Turku and Turku University logue Play, Fivaz-Depeursinge, and Corboz-Warnery, 1999), Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, Finland; 6University questionnaires (DAS, Spanier, 1976; Questionnaire on Father of Turku, Div. of Psychology and Centre for Learning Research, Involvement, Frascarolo, 1994; EPDS, Cox et al., 1987; Symptom Finland; 7University of Turku, Finland Checklist derived from Robert-Tissot et al., 1989) and an interview (AAI; George et al., 1985) were used. Background: