IJCSMS (International Journal of Computer Science & Management Studies) Vol. 14, Issue 11 Publishing Month: November 2014 (An Indexed and Referred Journal) ISSN (Online): 2231 –5268 www.ijcsms.com File Systems Performance on Solid-State Drive Julian Fejzaj1, Kristo Kapshtica2, Denis Saatciu3, Igli Tafa4 and Endri Xhina5 1 Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana [email protected] 2Computer Enginnering Department, Faculty of Information and Technology, Polytechnic University2 3 Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana [email protected] 4 Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana [email protected] 5Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana [email protected] Abstract drive used NAND-based flash memory that means is Most people have to make a decision for their computer to non-volatile so you can switch off it and the disk can choice between Solid State Drive and Hard Disk Drive as a “remind” all the data stored on it after hundred years data storage. But, who would not like a data storage with unlike of the HDD wich can lost data after olnly a few several ways to speed up their computer moreover with low years. As a conlusion the data storage on SSD can live enough price such as SSD (Solid-state Drive) that is a data more than you. Based on their architechture SSD storage device wich has the same functionality as a hard disk drive (HDD). But we need to know moreover I’m interested to consume less power(less 2W vs 6W for an HDD) know wich of file systems have better performance on SSD because not use electricity to rotate the platters like a architectures. Aprops I will demonstrate this using Linux hard disk and consequently no more heat and noise (that operating system and Linux file systems using Ubuntu means more battery for notebook). Usage of NAND- describet below . It’s important to know wich file system we based flash memory store data withour power. For must use for our SSD. applications requiring fast access, but not necessarily Keywords: linux file systems, solid state drive, and ssd, data persistence after power loss. Such devices may bonnie++ employ separate power sources, such as batteries, to maintain data after power loss. As I said previously SSD 1. Introduction it’s a memory cheap wich is constructed from integrated circuits (controller, cache and capacitor)with an A solid-state drive is mechanically, electrically and interface conector and this make the SSD more software compatible with a conventional hard drive[4]. lighter than HDD wich contains platter(rotating SSD vs HDD The difference is that the storage is not disk,spindle and motor)[8][9][10]. On the other side magnetic (HDD) or optical (CD) but solid state HDD catches a capacity of 500MB-2TB better than semiconductor such as RAM, PRAM or other SSD with not larger than 512 MB capacity. But the electrically erasable RAM. This provides faster access biggest disadvantages for solid state drive is a huge than hard drive because the SSD data can be randomly difference in price, so the SSD costs 1$ per gigabyte accessed in the same time whatever the storage location compared with 0.075$ per gigabyte on HDD[5][6]. that they may have[4]. Solid state drive store However solid-state drives is being introduced powerful information in microchip like a memory stick, so not on the territory raised strong for decades by hard drive. have moving parts such as hard drive disk that used a As a conclusion if your money are secondary and your mechanical arm wich read information fromstorage computer performance, fast bootable ect. are primary I platter with read and write head moving around. This suggest you to use Solide-State Drive. architecture make the SSD faster than HDD. Solid state IJCSMS www.ijcsms.com 6 IJCSMS (International Journal of Computer Science & Management Studies) Vol. 14, Issue 11 Publishing Month: November 2014 (An Indexed and Referred Journal) ISSN (Online): 2231 –5268 www.ijcsms.com 2. Related Works As we know except linux operating system in our case there are some other Operating Systems such as Windows, Mac, ect. Each of these have different file systems like fat, fat32, ntfs for windows and hfs+ also on mac. The different operating systems have different ways to test wich of their file systems heve better performance on solid-state drive disk. One of this ways is the work [12] made by Patrick Schmid and Achim Roos who have tested windows file systems like fat32, ntfs and exFAT with various programs wich are ‘as ssd’, ‘cristal disk mark’, ‘iometer’ and ‘pcmark 7’, more over they have been used two different ssd for great accuracy. As a conclusion almost all of these programs have the same results for file systems regardless of different SSDs. Another work but this time in lunux operating system wich gave me a great assistance is the benchmarking test made by Phoronix Media[7] with their program called PTS (phoronix test sute) wich work on linux and serves to test the computer hardware. In this work they have tested the most usable file systems on linux like a ext4, btrfs, xts and raiserfs concerning on read/write performance of data, creation Figure 1. Kernel-user architecture and deletion of files or data, synchronisation, number of threats, disk transactions ect. Phoronix also have been On user space are located the application and dhe glibc use two SSDs to increase accurancy of the test and both (provides the user interface for file system call: open, SSDs had almost the same results in all the above read, write, close). The system call interface work like a test.[7] Differently from phoronix I have been use switch: make a relationship and pass system calls from bonnie++ for testing my Crucial SSD because is an user space to the appropriate endpoints in kernel open source and more specific for linux file systems on system[1]. Virtual File System(VFS) exports a group of storage disk. interfaces and separate them to the individual file systems wich proceed differently from one other. There are two caches for file systems object inodes and 3. Theoritical Phase directory wich provides a stack of file system objects used recently. Individual file systems like a ext4, nilfs, We know that the most file system code exists in xfs ect. expots a grup of interfaces that is used by VFS. the kernel space and a part on user space. Below is The buffer cashe managed as group of LRU(least shown the architecture of relationship between file recently uset) lists. This enable requests between file systems in kernel and user space. systems and device drivers that they manipulate such as read and write request for faster access. 3.1. File Systems A file system is an organization of data and metadata that an operating systems uses to keep track of file on a storage device. The system used in this paper is Linux and in this case bring to my mind that phrase: "On a UNIX system, everything is a file; if something is not a file, it is a process." The proc file system (pseudo- filesystem which provides an interface to kernel data structure) is mounted on /proc we can find it in the file IJCSMS www.ijcsms.com - 7 - IJCSMS (International Journal of Computer Science & Management Studies) Vol. 14, Issue 11 Publishing Month: November 2014 (An Indexed and Referred Journal) ISSN (Online): 2231 –5268 www.ijcsms.com /proc/filesystem wich file systems currently supports XFS is a journaling filesystem, developed by SGI to 64- our kernel. In order to use them, we have to mount it. bit file system. Was designed to maintain high performance with large files, that was integrated into Linux in kernel 2.4.20. JFS is a journaling filesystem, developed by IBM to work in high performance environments, that was integrated into Linux in kernel 2.4.24. ntfs include a number of userspace called ntfsprogs such as mkntfs, ntfsundelete and ntfsresize btrfs is a new copy on write filesystem for Linux aimed at implementing advanced features while focusing on fault tolerance, repair and easy administration nilfs is a new implementation of a log-structured file system (LFS) supporting continuous snapshotting[2][3]. zfs can support access control list (ACLs), was designed by Sun Microsystem and include file system and logical volume manager 4. Experimental Phase In this phase I demonstrate an experiment wich will test Figure 2. Linux file systems same of most available file systems and wich of those have a better performance on Solid-State Drive Below I present a short description for some of the most available filesystems: A. Hardware environment minix is the filesystem used in the Minix operating system. The oldest but the most reliable. This file Hardware environment wich I used has these parameters: systems is quite limited in features. It remains useful for CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3 CPU 2.4GHz (4 floppies and RAM disks. CPUs) ext is a modification of the minix that lifts the limits RAM: 4GB Kinston on the filesystem size. Its not very popular but work SSD: 128 GB Crucial, SATA-3 well. Has been removed from the kernel (in 2.1.21). ext2 is the most featureful and the high performance B. Software environment disk filesystem for fixed disks as well as removable media. Was designed as an extension of ext to be easely As I mentioned before the operating system that I have compatible that means the new version of the filesystem been used is Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and Bonnie++ as a doesn’t order remaking the existing filesystem .