WASH SUSTAINABILITY INDEX TOOL ASSESSMENT: LIBERIA FINAL REPORT JULY 2015 ThisJUNE publication 2015 was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development.This publication It was preparedproduced by for Tetra review Tech. by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Tetra Tech. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable time and insights provided by USAID/Liberia representatives, as well as Morris Israel and Alioune Fall from Tetra Tech. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge the support accorded the survey teams by the iWASH project staff in Liberia. In particular, the authors would like to acknowledge LeRoy Johnson (Project Coordinator), Fatu Seysay (Lofa County Coordinator), Sherk Kromah (Nimba County Coordinator), and Michael Fogbawa (Bong County Coordinator), as well as all the informants at national, county, district, and community levels. This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development by Tetra Tech, through the Quick Response Technical Assistance Task Order, Contract No. 01/AID-OAA- TO-10-00021, under the Integrated Water and Coastal Resources Management II IQC (Water II IQC), Contract No. EPP-I-00-04-00019-00. Authors: Miriam Nyambura Wanjiru, ERMIS Africa; Ryan Schweitzer, Aguaconsult Contributors: Faith Milkah Muniale, ERMIS Africa; Hun Bu Tulay, Hun Bu Enterprises Ltd. Data collection: Charlene Hilda Dagoseh-Suah (independent), Joseph Gbozee (independent), Wataku Kortimai (independent), and Kennedy Woloba (independent). This report was prepared by: Tetra Tech 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Burlington, Vermont 05401 USA Telephone: (802) 495-0282 Fax: (802) 658-4247 E-Mail: [email protected] Tetra Tech Contacts: Morris Israel, Project Manager Tel: (802) 495-0282 Email: [email protected] WASH SUSTAINABILITY INDEX TOOL ASSESSMENT: LIBERIA FINAL REPORT JULY 2015 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES .................................................................................... iii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. viii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 IWASH PROGRAM ........................................................................................ 1 1.2 INTERVENTION TYPES ................................................................................ 1 1.2.1 WATER SUPPLY INTERVENTIONS .................................................. 2 1.2.2 WASH ENTREPRENUER ................................................................... 2 2.0 LIBERIA WASH SECTOR OVERVIEW ................................................................... 4 2.1 ACCESS STATUS ......................................................................................... 4 2.2 SECTOR OVERVIEW .................................................................................... 4 3.0 WASH SUSTAINABILITY INDEX TOOL ................................................................. 7 3.1 SAMPLE FRAME SELECTION ...................................................................... 7 3.2 FINAL SAMPLE FRAME ................................................................................ 9 3.2.1 COMMUNITY HAND PUMPS.............................................................. 9 3.2.2 INSTITUTIONAL HAND PUMPS ......................................................... 9 3.2.3 WASH ENTREPRENEURS ............................................................... 10 4.0 IWASH SIT ASSESSMENT RESULTS ................................................................. 11 4.1 RESULTS: TECHNICAL INSPECTION ....................................................... 11 4.1.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................... 11 4.1.2 FUNCTIONALITY STATUS ............................................................... 12 4.1.3 SANITARY INSPECTION AND WATER QUALITY........................... 13 4.1.4 DISCHARGE AND LEAKAGE TEST ................................................. 14 4.2 RESULTS: SIT FRAMEWORKS .................................................................. 15 4.2.1 INTERVENTION: COMMUNITY HAND PUMP (CHP) ...................... 16 4.2.2 INTERVENTION: INSTITUTIONAL HAND PUMP (IHP) ................... 16 4.2.3 INTERVENTION: WASH ENTREPRENEURS (ENT) ....................... 17 5.0 KEY FINDINGS ...................................................................................................... 19 5.1 INTERVENTION: COMMUNITY HAND PUMPS ......................................... 19 5.1.1 NATIONAL LEVEL ............................................................................. 19 5.1.2 COUNTY AND DISTRICT LEVELS ................................................... 21 5.1.3 SERVICE LEVEL ............................................................................... 23 5.2 INTERVENTION: INSTITUTIONAL HAND PUMP ....................................... 25 5.2.1 NATIONAL LEVEL ............................................................................. 25 5.2.2 COUNTY AND DISTRICT LEVELS ................................................... 26 5.2.3 SERVICE LEVEL ............................................................................... 27 5.3 INTERVENTION: WASH ENTREPRENEURS ............................................ 27 WASH SUSTAINABILITY INDEX TOOL: LIBERIA i 5.3.1 NATIONAL LEVEL ............................................................................. 27 5.3.2 COUNTY AND DISTRICT LEVEL ..................................................... 28 5.3.3 SERVICE LEVEL ............................................................................... 29 5.4 SPARE PARTS SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS .............................................. 30 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS/ PRIORITY AREAS FOR ACTION AND INVESTMENT. 32 6.1 NATIONAL LEVEL ....................................................................................... 32 6.2 COUNTY AND DISTRICT LEVELS ............................................................. 33 6.3 SERVICE LEVEL ......................................................................................... 34 6.4 RECOMMENDATIONS BY INTERVENTION TYPE .................................... 35 ANNEX 1: KEY INFORMANTS AND COMMUNITIES SURVEYED ............................... 42 ANNEX 2: DETAILS OF WASH SIT METHODOLOY ..................................................... 45 ANNEX 3: SANITARY INSPECTION SCORE CARD ..................................................... 48 ANNEX 4: DETAILED SIT FRAMEWORK RESULTS – COMMUNITY HAND PUMP ... 49 ANNEX 5: DETAILED SIT FRAMEWORK RESULTS – INSTITUTIONAL HAND PUMP ..................................................................................................................... 55 ANNEX 6: DETAILED SIT FRAMEWORK RESULTS – WASH ENTREPRENEUR ...... 61 ANNEX 7: HAND PUMP MECHANICS AND SPARE PARTS SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................. 68 ANNEX 8: SIT FRAMEWORKS FOR IWASH LIBERIA .................................................. 74 ANNEX 9: SUMMARY OF SAMPLING PROTOCOL ...................................................... 85 ANNEX 10: REPAIR TOOLS OWNED BY THE ENTREPRENEURS ............................. 90 ANNEX 11: SURVEY MAPS ............................................................................................ 91 ii WASH SUSTAINABILITY INDEX TOOL: LIBERIA LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 4-1. General Status of the Pumps Inspected ................................................................................... 11 Figure 4-2. Hand Pump Functionality Status by Intervention Type ............................................................ 12 Figure 4-3. Hand Pump Functionality by District ........................................................................................ 13 Figure 4-4. Fecal Coliform Results by Intervention Type ............................................................................ 14 Figure 4-5. Contamination Risk Score and Fecal Coliform Tests ............................................................... 14 Figure 4-6. Overall Sustainability Factor Scores for Community Hand Pumps .......................................... 16 Figure 4-7. Sustainability Factor Scores by County for Community Hand Pumps ..................................... 16 Figure 4-8. Overall Sustainability Factor Scores for Institutional Hand Pumps .......................................... 17 Figure 4-9. Sustainability Factor Scores by County for Institutional Hand Pumps ..................................... 17 Figure 4-10. Overall Sustainability Factor Scores for ENTs ....................................................................... 18 Figure 4-11. Sustainability Factor Scores by County for ENTs .................................................................. 18 Figure A4-1. Sustainability Factor Scores by Community for Community Hand Pumps ............................ 49 Figure A5-1. Sustainability Factor Scores by Community for Institutional Hand Pumps ............................ 55 Figure A6-1. Sustainability Factor Scores