AMERICAN MUSEUM Norntates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2748, pp. 1-38, figs. 1-120 September 24, 1982 A Revision of the American Spiders of the Genus Camillina (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) NORMAN I. PLATNICK' AND MOHAMMAD U. SHADAB2 ABSTRACT The genus Camillina is redefined to include tao, Zelotes desecheonis Petrunkevitch, Z. elytro- those gnaphosids with a preening comb on meta- gaster Mello-LeitAo, Z. galapagoensis (Banks), tarsi III and IV, closely spaced posterior median and Z. marmoratus Mello-Leitao are transferred eyes, a prolaterally situated, bifid terminal apoph- to Camillina. Two specific names are newly syn- ysis and medially situated, recessed embolar base onymized: C. xanthomela with C. major, and C. on the male palp, and a median epigynal plate. elytrogaster with C. chilensis. The male of the Keys, diagnoses, descriptions, illustrations, and Cuban species C. elegans is described for the first locality records are provided for the 40 known time and the species is newly recorded from Flor- American species, found from Mexico and the ida, many Caribbean islands, Hawaii, the Mar- West Indies south to Chile (with two species ap- shall Islands, and Angola. The female of the Bra- parently introduced into the southeastern United zilian species C. pulcher is newly described, and States). Drassyllus elegans (Bryant), Echemus chi- the species is recorded from Alabama; the males lensis Simon, E. major Keyserling, E. minutus of C. pedestris and C. arguta (Simon) are also de- Mello-LeitAo, E. pedestris 0. P.-Cambridge, E. scribed for the first time. Twenty-nine new species pulcher Keyserling, Gytha xanthomela Mello-Lei- are described. INTRODUCTION This paper, the fifteenth in a series on the transferred into the genus two species pre- spider family Gnaphosidae and the second viously described in Echemus by Simon (E. devoted to New World representatives ofthe relucens from Venezuela and E. argutus from Zelotes complex, deals with the little-known Chile). Berland's discovery has been ignored American fauna ofthe genus Camillina. Tull- by all subsequent authors, however; Roewer gren (1910) established the genus (as Ca- (1954) retained the two Simon species in milla, a homonym) for a species (C. cordi- Echemus, and additional American Camil- fera) from Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, that lina species have since been erroneously de- has since been found elsewhere in Africa and scribed in such genera as Echemus, Eilicina, on the Seychelle Islands (Platnick, 1981). Gytha, and Zelotes (and perhaps others that Tullgren and more recent authors have added we have not been able to identify from the about 20 African species to the genus. That literature). Although with only a few excep- Camillina also occurs in the New World was tions American species of Camillina are first pointed out by Berland (19 19), who poorly represented in collections and many Curator, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History; Adjunct Professor, Department of Biology, City College, City University of New York. 2 Scientific Assistant, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1982 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $2.75 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2748 species obviously remain to be discovered likely to have been introduced into Florida (in nature and possibly among old and poorly and these other areas by man. described type specimens as well), it seemed As in Drassyllus, unfortunately, we have worthwhile to survey the available material had little success at unravelling the interre- and document at least part of the diversity lationships among the many species, and within the genus. have found far too few characters to attempt As indicated by Platnick and Shadab a cladogram; those indications of monophy- (1982), Drassyllus and Camillina differ from letic species groups we have detected are other zelotines in having the almost contig- commented on in the diagnoses. The various uous posterior median eyes greatly enlarged species are so similar, in fact, that we have so that the rear edges of the posterior eyes found it expedient to arrange both the keys form a strongly procurved line, and seem and descriptions geographically. Our igno- therefore to be sister groups. Like those of rance of the species interrelationships is par- Drassyllus, the species of Camillina are ticularly regrettable because the American united by unique genitalic features. Males of Camillina have much potential interest for Camillina have a bifid terminal apophysis biogeography. Within the West Indies, for similar to that ofDrassyllus males, but rather example, Bimini, Cura9ao, Desecheo, Grand than being medially situated (as in Platnick Cayman, and Jamaica have apparently en- and Shadab, 1982, fig. 3), both the basal and demic species, and at least three different (especially) the distal portion of the apoph- species are endemic to different islands in the ysis are shifted prolaterally (as in fig. 1) and Galapagos archipelago, a situation paralleled cover the recessed base of the embolus. Fe- in spiders only in the genus Neozimiris (Plat- males of Camillina lack the posteriorly ex- nick and Shadab, 1976). panded epigynal midpiece characteristic of Observations of specimens of Camillina Drassyllus (Platnick and Shadab, 1982, fig. arguta (Simon) at several localities in central 4) and have instead a large, flattened, me- Chile indicate that their habits are similar to dially situated epigynal plate (as in fig. 3) those of North American Drassyllus. Juve- that is usually triangular but may become niles and adults ofboth sexes construct slight almost circular (fig. 27) or rectangular (fig. silken retreats under large stones on relatively 85) in some species. flat ground. The spiders show strong negative As befits sister groups, the two genera have phototropism, and are extremely agile, mov- largely vicariant distributions, with Drassyl- ing faster even than the much larger gna- lus restricted to Holarctic areas and Camil- phosids (such as those of the genus Eche- lina occurring farther south. Only Camillina moides) that occur in the same habitats. occurs in Central and South America and the Specimens in captivity fed readily on both West Indies. There is a slight overlap in cen- mealworm larvae and wingless fruit flies, and tral Mexico, but the only known cases ofsym- were easily reared to maturity. patry are with species of Drassyllus that ex- The format of the descriptions and stan- tend north into the United States. In addition, dard abbreviations of morphological terms two species of Camillina are known from the follow those used in Platnick and Shadab southeastern United States, the home of (1975, 1982). The new specific names pro- many endemic Drassyllus. One of these, posed are all nouns in apposition taken from Camillina pulcher (Keyserling), is a Brazilian the respective type localities. Unless another species of which one male has been taken on depository is indicated, all specimens dis- a beach in Alabama; it is doubtful that a pop- cussed are in the American Museum of Nat- ulation has actually been established there. ural History. All measurements given are in The second species, Camillina elegans millimeters. We thank the curators and col- (Bryant), is common in Florida but wide- lectors listed below for supplying specimens spread in the West Indies; because it is re- and types, Dr. C. D. Dondale for reviewing corded below from Hawaii, the Marshall Is- a draft of the manuscript, and the Eppley lands, and Angola as well, the species seems Foundation for Research for its generous sup- 1982 PLATNICK AND SHADAB: CAMILLINA 3 port of field and laboratory work on these 528), a prolaterally situated, bifid terminal and other spiders. apophysis and medially situated, recessed embolar base on the male palp (fig. 1), and COLLECTIONS EXAMINED a median epigynal plate (fig. 3). AJP, Mr. A. J. Penniman DESCRIPTION: Total length 2.0-7.9. Cara- AMNH, American Museum of Natural History pace oval in dorsal view, widest at coxae II, BMNH, British Museum (Natural History), Mr. slightly invaginated posteriorly, narrowed at F. R. Wanless level ofpalpi, light orange-brown posteriorly, CAS, Califomia Academy ofSciences, Dr. W. Pu- darker anteriorly, with long erect black setae lawski along edges of posterior declivity; cephalic EPC, Exline-Peck Collection, Dr. W. B. Peck area flattened, set off by sloping cephalic FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Dr. J. grooves; thoracic groove short, longitudinal. Kethley From above, anterior eye row recurved, pos- FSCA, Florida State Collection ofArthropods, Dr. terior row from both G. B. Edwards procurved; front, rows IRSN, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, procurved; AME circular, dark, PME irreg- Brussels, Dr. J. Kekenbosch ularly rectangular, light, ALE and PLE oval, JAB, Dr. J. A. Beatty light; PME largest, AME usually smallest; JAK, Mr. J. A. Kochalka AME separated by roughly their diameter, MACN, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, almost touching ALE; PME almost touching, Dr. E. A. Maury separated from PLE by roughly their radius MCN, Museu de Ciencias Naturais do Rio Grande or more; lateral eyes of each side separated do Sul, Dr. A. A. Lise by roughly their radius; MOQ usually slightly MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Dr. H. longer than wide, wider in back than in front. W. Levi Clypeal height equal to AME diameter. Che- MLP, Museo de La Plata, Dr. R. F. Arrozpide MNHN, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, licerae usually with four promarginal and Dr. M. Hubert three retromarginal teeth. Endites short, rect- MSP, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao angular, obliquely depressed, greatly nar- Paulo, Dr. H. Reichardt rowed at palpal insertion; labium broad, re- PMNH, Peabody Museum of Natural History, bordered and rounded distally; sternum with Yale University, Dr. C. L. Remington strongly rebordered, sinuous margins. Leg REL, Dr. R. E. Leech formula 4123. Typical leg spination pattern UCB, University ofCalifornia at Berkeley, Dr.