PLANT PARASITOLOGY / SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE DOI: 10.1590/1808‑1657000042017 Yield and technological quality of sugarcane cultivars under infestation of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) Produtividade e qualidade tecnológica de cultivares de cana‑de‑açúcar sob infestação de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) Carlos Alberto da Silva Ferreira1, Marcus Vinícius Santana1* , Jardel Barbosa dos Santos2, Tássia Tuane Moreira dos Santos1, Lucas Morais Lôbo1, Paulo Marçal Fernandes1 ABSTRACT: The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis RESUMO: A broca‑da‑cana, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) (Fabr., 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the main (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), é uma das principais pragas da cana‑de‑açú‑ pests of sugarcane. This pest can reduce the quality and yield car. Essa praga pode reduzir a qualidade e a produtividade da cul‑ of the crop. Information on the quality and yield of cultivars tura. Informações sobre a qualidade e a produtividade de cultivares in relation to the attack of sugarcane borer are necessary, since em relação ao ataque da broca‑da‑cana são necessárias, pois orien‑ they guide the choice of the best materials for use in joint tam a escolha dos melhores materiais para utilização em conjunto with other management tactics. Two field experiments were com outras táticas de manejo. Dois experimentos de campo foram conducted in 2011 and 2012 to compare the quality and instalados em 2011 e 2012 para comparar a qualidade e a produtivi‑ yield of 16 commercial sugarcane cultivars (IACSP93‑3046, dade de 16 cultivares comerciais de cana‑de‑açúcar (IACSP93‑3046, IACSP94‑2094, IACSP94‑2101, IAC91‑1099, IACSP95‑5000, IACSP94‑2094, IACSP94‑2101, IAC91‑1099, IACSP95‑5000, IAC87‑3396, RB92579, RB867515, RB966928, CTC2, CTC4, IAC87‑3396, RB92579, RB867515, RB966928, CTC2, CTC4, CTC9, CTC11, CTC15, CTC18 and SP86‑0042) relative to CTC9, CTC11, CTC15, CTC18 e SP86‑0042) em relação à infes‑ the natural infestation of D. saccharalis. The experimental design tação natural de D. saccharalis. O delineamento dos experimentos foi was a randomized complete block with four replications. There em blocos completos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Não houve was no difference between treatments for infestation index, with diferença entre os tratamentos para a intensidade de infestação, com averages of 1.2 to 8.7% of bored internodes. Higher percentages médias de 1,2 a 8,7% de entrenós brocados. Maiores porcentagens of internodes with red rot were observed for CTC9, CTC2 and de entrenós com podridão‑vermelha foram observadas para CTC9, RB966928. The cultivars CTC4 and RB92579 infested with CTC2 e RB966928. Os cultivares CTC4 e RB92579 infestados com D. saccharalis resulted in lower technological quality, due the D. saccharalis resultaram em menor qualidade tecnológica, por causa da reduction in the contents of brix, apparent sucrose content (POL) redução nos teores de brix, teor de sacarose aparente (POL) e pureza; and purity; and increase of the reducing sugars and, consequently, e aumento dos açúcares redutores e, consequentemente, menor quan‑ lower theoretically recoverable sugar (TRS). On the other hand, tidade de açúcar teoricamente recuperável (ATR). Por outro lado, the lowest yields (t of cane ha‑1) were observed for CTC18, as menores produtividades (t de cana ha‑1) foram observadas para IACSP94‑2094, IACSP94‑2101 and RB966928. Therefore, CTC18, IACSP94‑2094, IACSP94‑2101 e RB966928. Portanto, according to the hierarchical cluster analysis (UPGMA), the de acordo com a análise hierárquica de agrupamento (UPGMA), os cultivars RB867515, CTC11, IAC91‑1099, CTC15, SP86‑0042, cultivares RB867515, CTC11, IAC91‑1099, CTC15, SP86‑0042, CTC2 and IACSP94‑3046 were resistant to D. saccharalis. CTC2 e IACSP94‑3046 mostraram‑se resistentes a D. saccharalis. KEYWORDS: cluster analysis; damage; resistance; Saccharum PALAVRAS‑CHAVE: análise de agrupamento; danos; resistên‑ officinarumL. cia; Saccharum officinarumL. 1Universidade Federal de Goiás – Goiânia (GO), Brazil 2Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins, Campus Avançado da Lagoa da Confusão – Lagoa da Confusão (TO), Brazil *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received on: 01/15/2017. Accepted on: 03/21/2018 Arq. Inst. Biol., v.85, 1-7, e0042017, 2018 1 C.A.S. Ferreira et al. INTRODUCTION evaluate the effect of natural infestation ofD. saccharalis on the yield and technological quality of 16 sugarcane cultivars. The worldwide market of sugarcane moves, per year, approxi‑ mately 1.9 billion ton of this product. Brazil is an important country in world scenario of sugarcane, being the greatest pro‑ ducer, followed by India and China (FAO, 2013). At 2015/2016 MATERIAL AND METHODS harvest, with important featured in national economy, Brazil produced 665.6 million ton of sugarcane in 8 million hectares, The study was conducted at Jalles Machado S/A power plant, resulting in an average yield about 76.903 kg ha‑1 (CONAB, in Goianésia, Goiás (15º17’43” S, 48º56’13” W, 600‑m alti‑ 2016). However, the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., tude). Two experiments were performed: the first one, from 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) may significantly reduce the April 2011 to May 2012; and the second one, from August yield and the quality of sugarcane (DINARDO‑MIRANDA 2011 to September 2012, during the cane‑plant cycle. The soil et al., 2012a, 2013). was classified as dystrophic Yellow Red Latosol (Oxisol), Damages caused by sugarcane borer can occur during all according to Brazilian system soil classification (SANTOS phases of the plant development. The larvae are able to pene‑ et al., 2013). According to Köppen classification, the climate trate plant tissues of any age, creating galleries within the stems type is Aw, which characterizes this region as tropical with dry as result of their feeding. These holes also serve as entrance to season in winter (ALVARES et al., 2013). The average annual secondary phytopathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum falcatum, precipitation stipulated for the Goiás state is approximately Fusarium moniliforme and F. subglutinans), causers of red rot 1,500 mm, while the average temperature is 23.4ºC. The data (SATHYABHAMA et al., 2016; VISWANATHAN et al., 2009). of precipitation and temperature during the experiments were The injury instigated by the insects combined with the phy‑ obtained of a weather station from the Instituto Nacional de topathogenic microorganisms may cause even greater losses of Meteorologia (INMET — http://www.inmet.gov.br/por‑ yield. The pest attack decreases the sugar content (by inversion tal/index.php?r=home/page&page=sobre_inmet), in Brazil, of the sucrose stored in the plant) and contaminates the broth, located 12 km from the experiments (Fig. 1). which hinders the fermentation (DINARDO‑MIRANDA, Sixteen commercial sugarcane cultivars (IACSP93‑3046, 2008; DINARDO‑MIRANDA et al., 2012b). Therefore, the IACSP94‑2094, IACSP94‑2101, IAC91‑1099, IACSP95‑5000, sugarcane borer infestations can interfere with the quality of the IAC87‑3396, RB92579, RB867515, RB966928, CTC2, raw material (sucrose content, soluble solids, purity, acidity of CTC4, CTC9, CTC11, CTC15, CTC18 and SP86‑0042) juice and fiber) and reduce the sugar production and quality. were used. The experimental design was a randomized com‑ Studies conducted by Copersucar in 1990 showed that plete block with four replications. Each experimental unit each 1% of infestation index (II) of borer sugarcane caused consisted of four lines of 15 m long, with spacing between losses of 1.50% in stem productivity, 0.49% in sugar produc‑ lines of 1.5 m, totaling 90 m2 of total area. tivity and 0.28% in alcohol productivity (ARRIGONI, 2002; On March 2011, before the installation of the experiments, DINARDO‑MIRANDA et al., 2011), revealing the impor‑ soil fertility was accessed. The soil samples were composed of six tance of the pest in this culture. However, the cultivars can response of different forms to the insect attacks, e.g., greater attacks of sugarcane borer resulted in an increase in the fiber 60 600 eriet content and in reducing sugar; and decrease in apparent 50 500 sucrose content (POL) of sugarcane and in purity of sugarcane eriet cultivars IAC91‑1099, IACSP93‑3046 and IACSP95‑5000 40 400 (DINARDO‑MIRANDA et al., 2012b). When the sugar‑ 30 300 cane‑plant was infested and damaged by the sugarcane borer, 20 200 the cultivars IACSP94‑4004, IACSP96‑2042 and SP91‑1115 Teeratre C Teeratre reiitati reiitati resulted in greater fiber contents. While in ratoon, the infested 10 100 plots produced 10% less, with lower purity contents and 0 0 greater total reducing sugar contents when compared with the non‑infested plots (DINARDO‑MIRANDA et al., 2013). AraJun/11lASetNov/11eaFearAraJun/12lASe tear Information about the cultivars behaviour in relation to iial teeratre reiitati the sugarcane borer attacks are necessary, since they guide the ai teeratre Averae teeratre choice of the best material to be used in combination with Figure 1. Minimal, average and maximum temperature other management tactics to control this insect. Besides, the (monthly average) and precipitation (accumulated month) use of resistant cultivars is a helpful tool in the integrated during experimental period from April 2011 to September pest management (LARA, 1991). Thus, this study aimed to 2012. Goianésia, Goiás, Brazil. 2 Arq. Inst. Biol., v.85, 1-7, e0042017, 2018 Yield and technological quality of sugarcane cultivars under infestation of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) sub‑samples collected