NORTH BIRMINGHAM COMMUNITY FRAMEWORK PLAN HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................... 4 List of Tables ................................................................................................................ 4 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... 9 Section 1: Introduction .............................................................................................. 14 1.1 Why Conduct and HIA on the North Birmingham Community Framework Plan? ............. 14 1.2 HIAs and Their Relevance to Planning Documents .......................................................................... 14 1.3 North Birmingham Community Framework Plan Rapid HIA Recommendations Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Section 2: The North Birmingham Community Framework Plan and Health ............... 16 2.1 The North Birmingham Community Framework Plan ..................................................................... 16 2.1.1 The North Birmingham Community .................................................................................................... 17 2.2 What is Health? ................................................................................................................................................ 19 2.3 What is a Health Impact Assessment? .................................................................................................... 19 2.4 How might the North Birmingham Community Framework Plan Impact Health? ............ 21 2.5 Why Conduct the North Birmingham Community Framework Plan Rapid Health Impact Assessment? .............................................................................................................................................................. 22 Section 3: North Birmingham Community Framework Plan Rapid Health Impact Assessment Methodology .......................................................................................... 23 3.1 Screening ............................................................................................................................................................ 23 3.1.1 Essential Elements ....................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.2 Screening Results .......................................................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Scoping ................................................................................................................................................................. 24 3.2.1 Essential Elements ....................................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.2 Scoping Results .............................................................................................................................................. 25 3.3 Assessment ........................................................................................................................................................ 32 3.3.1 Essential Elements ....................................................................................................................................... 32 3.4 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................... 32 3.4.1 Essential Elements ....................................................................................................................................... 33 3.5 Reporting ............................................................................................................................................................ 33 3.5.1 Essential Elements ....................................................................................................................................... 34 3.5.2 Reporting Plan ............................................................................................................................................... 34 3.6 Evaluation ........................................................................................................................................................... 35 3.6.1 Essential Elements ....................................................................................................................................... 35 3.7 Monitoring .......................................................................................................................................................... 35 3.7.1 Essential Elements ....................................................................................................................................... 36 Section 4: Assessment ............................................................................................... 37 North Birmingham Community Framework Plan Health Impact Assessment, 2014 1 4.1 Access to Secure and Quality Employment .......................................................................................... 37 4.1.1 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... 37 4.1.2 Literature Review ......................................................................................................................................... 38 4.1.3 Causal Pathway Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 40 4.1.4 Summary of Potential Health Impacts ................................................................................................ 49 4.2 Access to Healthy Food ................................................................................................................................. 49 4.2.1 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... 49 4.2.2 Literature Review ......................................................................................................................................... 51 4.2.3 Causal Pathway Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 52 4.2.4 Summary of Potential Health Impacts ................................................................................................ 55 4.3 Access to Health Care .................................................................................................................................... 57 4.3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 57 4.3.2 Literature Review ......................................................................................................................................... 57 4.3.3 Causal Pathway Diagrams ....................................................................................................................... 58 4.3.4 Summary of Potential Health Impacts ................................................................................................ 60 4.4 Connectivity ....................................................................................................................................................... 61 4.4.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 61 4.4.2 Literature Review ......................................................................................................................................... 61 4.5.3 Causal Pathway Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 63 4.5.4 Summary of Potential Health Impacts ................................................................................................ 64 4.6 Freight .................................................................................................................................................................. 65 4.6.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 65 4.6.2 Literature Review ......................................................................................................................................... 66 4.6.3 Causal Pathway Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 66 4.6.4 Summary of Potential Health Impacts ................................................................................................ 68 Section 5: Recommendations ..................................................................................... 70 5.1 Secure Employment ....................................................................................................................................... 70 5.2 Access to Healthy