Review of Status of Marine National Park, Jamnagar & Evolving a vision statement for Management of MNP YEARS Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change Centre of Excellence (CoE) Climate Change and Urban Development Review of Status of Marine National Park, Jamnagar & Evolving Vision Statement for Management of MNP YEARS Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change IRADe-PR-54(2017) Project Team Mr Rohit Magotra Deputy Director, Dr Mohit Kumar Research Analyst Mr Pushkar Pandey Research Associate Ms Asha Kaushik Senior Research Associate Ms Sonali Vyas Research Assistant Mr Mohit Kumar Gupta Senior Project Associate Project Mentor Dr Jyoti Parikh Executive Director © 2017 Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe) All rights reserved. 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ISBN: 978-81-934402-0-9 Integrated Research and Action for Development C 80 Shivalik, Malviya Nagar New Dehi 110017, INDIA Tel: 91 (11) 2667 6180, 2667 6181, 2668 2226 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.irade.org 4 IRADe-PR-54(2017) Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 12 1.1 Marine National Park ............................................................................................................ 13 1.2 Ecosystem of MNP ................................................................................................................ 15 1.3 Objectives of the Study ......................................................................................................... 21 2 Framework and Methodology of the Study .................................................................................. 22 2.1 D-P-S-I-R Framework ............................................................................................................. 23 2.2 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 26 2.2.1 Identification and Mapping of Stakeholders: ............................................................... 26 2.2.2 Understanding stakeholders’ perception towards MNP and assessing the impact of their activities on MNP ................................................................................................................. 26 2.2.3 Ecological assessment of MNP: ..................................................................................... 26 2.2.4 Review of Governance structure and Management Plans of Marine National park: ... 26 3 Stakeholders’ Mapping ................................................................................................................. 27 3.1 Relationship status of Stakeholders for Conservation of MNP ............................................ 28 3.1.1 For solid lines ................................................................................................................ 28 3.1.2 For Tramlines ................................................................................................................ 29 3.1.3 For solid lines crossed by a bolt of lightning ................................................................. 29 3.1.4 For Arrows ..................................................................................................................... 30 4 Threats and Pressures on Marine National park .......................................................................... 42 4.1 Industrial Expansion and Marine National Park, Gujarat ..................................................... 43 4.2 Marine Pollution ................................................................................................................... 45 4.3 Oil and Petrochemical Industries: ......................................................................................... 49 4.4 Soda Ash and Salt Work ........................................................................................................ 50 4.5 Impact of Urbanisation and Urban/ Municipal Waste on the MNP ..................................... 51 4.6 Impact of Ports and Jetties ................................................................................................... 53 4.7 Tourism ................................................................................................................................. 55 4.8 Fisheries ................................................................................................................................ 56 5 Ecological Status of MNP&S .......................................................................................................... 61 5.1 Ecological Assessment of Marine National Park and Sanctuary (MNP&S) ........................... 62 5.2 Mangroves of MNP&S ........................................................................................................... 63 5.3 Coral Reefs of MNP&S........................................................................................................... 72 5.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 82 6 Primary Survey: Perception of Fisher Folk towards MNP&S ........................................................ 87 6.1 Study Site: ............................................................................................................................. 88 5 IRADe-PR-54(2017) 6.2 Survey Methodology: ............................................................................................................ 89 6.2.1 Questionnaire Design ............................................................................................................... 89 6.3 Data analysis and Results ...................................................................................................... 90 6.4 Results and Discussions: ....................................................................................................... 95 6.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 96 7 Governance and Policy Review ..................................................................................................... 97 7.1 History of Legislations ........................................................................................................... 98 7.2 Regulatory Legislations ......................................................................................................... 99 7.2.1 Coastal Zone Regulations, 1991 (amended 2011) ........................................................ 99 7.2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 (amended 2006) ................... 101 7.2.3 Guidelines for declaring Eco-Sensitive Areas around National Parks and Sanctuaries, 2011 ................................................................................................................. 101 7.2.4 Policy Analysis ............................................................................................................. 103 7.3 Management of Marine National Park ............................................................................... 105 7.4 Management Plans ............................................................................................................. 105 7.4.1 Management Plan (1991-2001) .................................................................................. 106 7.4.2 Annual Action Plans from 2001-02 till 2004-05 .......................................................... 110 7.4.3 Management Plan (2006-07 to 2016-17) .................................................................... 111 7.5 Way Forward and Recommendations ................................................................................ 114 7.5.1 Management and Coordination ............................................................................................. 115 7.5.2 Monitoring, Regulation & Surveillance .................................................................................. 115 7.5.3 Research ................................................................................................................................. 116 7.5.4 Community Participation: ...................................................................................................... 117 8 Common Vision Statement & Key Roles and Responsibilities of the Stakeholders .................... 117 Annexure 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 122 Annexure II ......................................................................................................................................... 139 Annexure III ........................................................................................................................................ 144 6 IRADe-PR-54(2017) 7 IRADe-PR-54(2017) Acknowledgments IRADe extends sincere thanks to the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India and Deutsche Gesellschaft fu¨r Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ), Germany for supporting this work. We acknowledge the support and cooperation received from Gujarat State Forest Department; Gujarat Pollution Control Board