University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Entomology Papers from Other Sources Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous 1987 A Review of Perlinella Banks (Plecoptera: Perlidae) Boris C. Kondratieff Ralph F. Kirchner Kenneth W. Stewart Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyother Part of the Entomology Commons Kondratieff, Boris C.; Kirchner, Ralph F.; and Stewart, Kenneth W., "A Review of Perlinella Banks (Plecoptera: Perlidae)" (1987). Entomology Papers from Other Sources. 45. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyother/45 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Papers from Other Sources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. A Review of Perlinella Banks (Plecoptera: Perlidae) BORIS C. KONDRATIEFF,l RALPH F. KIRCHNER,2.3 AND KENNETH W. STEWART4 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 81(1): 19-27 (1988) ABSTRACT The Nearctic stonefly genus Perlinella Banks is reviewed; three valid species are recognized. Perlinella drymo (Newman) and Perlinella ephyre (Newman) are widespread east of the Rocky Mountains, whereas Perlin ella zwicki, n. sp. (P. jumipennis of Zwick 1971), is restricted to the southeastern Coastal Plain. Perlinella jumipennis (Walsh) is replaced as a synonym of Perlinella ephyre. Keys for adults and nymphs are provided, and the nymph of P. zwicki is described for the first time. Male drumming calls of Perlin della drymo and Perlinella ephyre are described. KEY WORDS Insecta, Perlin ella, taxonomy, drumming calls THE GENUS Perlin ella was erected by Banks (1900) The following museums, institutions, and indi­ for Perla trivittata Banks, a species he described viduals provided material for this study: R. W. from Michigan in 1895. Needham & Claassen (1925) Baumann, Brigham Young University; O. S. Flint, regarded Perla elongata Walsh and P. trivittata Jr., United States National Museum of Natural His­ as synonyms of Perlinella drymo (Newman), and tory; D. G. Huggins, State Biological Survey of Illies (1966) considered Perlinella a monotypic ge­ Kansas; P. K. Lago, University of Mississippi; A. nus endemic to the Nearctic region. Zwick (1971) Provonsha, Purdue University; B. P. Stark, Missis­ reviewed Perlinella, included Atoperla Banks as a sippi College; J. D. Unzicker, Illinois Natural His­ new junior synonym, and recognized three rather tory Survey; C. Vogt, Museum of Comparative Zo­ widespread geographical species, P. drymo, P. ology, Harvard University; and J. R. Voshell, Jr., (=Atoperla) ephyre (Newman), and P. (=Atoper­ Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. la) jumipennis (Walsh). His revalidation of the Methods of recording and oscilloscope analysis name jumipennis for a species described originally of drumming followed Stewart & Zeigler (1984a) from Illinois was based only on specimens from and Maketon & Stewart (1984). We attempted to Florida. Because Hitchcock (1974) and Stark & rear nymphs of P. ephyre and P. zwicki for re­ Gaufin (1976) have questioned Zwick's (1971) con­ cording and comparison with signals of P. drymo cept of P. jumipennis, we re-evaluate the status of (Zeigler & Stewart 1977); however, suitable nymph the species included in Perlinella, and we provide populations of the two species were not found dur­ descriptions of all life stages using current tech­ ing the two years of the study, and a few P. ephyre niques in stonet1y systematics. rea rings were unsuccessful. Recordings of male Stewart & Zeigler (1984b) discussed the use of drumming calls (n = 27) were obtained from two stonet1y drumming behavior as evidence for solving wild males of P. ephyre collected from Arkansas, systematic questions and reconstructing phyloge­ Stone County, Blanchard Springs, 2 mi NE of Hwy. ny. One objective of our study was to include as 56, 19-111-1985, by B. C. Poulton. much behavioral information as possible to help delineate Perlinella species and determine if they Perlinella Banks have a generically distinct drumming pattern. Perlin ella Banks, 1900: 242. Type-species, Perla elongata Walsh = Perlinella drymo (Newman) Materials and Methods (type by monotypy). Adult male and female terminalia were exam­ Atoperla Banks, 1905: 56 (syn. Zwick, 1971: 316). ined using the methods of Stark & Szczytko (1981). Type species Perla producta Walsh = Atoperla Eggs were removed from gravid females and pre­ ephyre (Newman) (type by monotypy). pared for SEM, using the technique of Stark & Atoperla: lIlies, 1966: 325. Szczytko (1981). Perlinella: lIlies, 1966: 348; Zwick, 1973: 278; Stark & Gaufin, 1976: 34. 1 Dep. of Entomology, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523. Stark & Gaufin (1976) provided a generic de­ 2 The views of the author do not purport to reflect the position scription of all life stages of Perlinella. Kirchner of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. & Kondratieff (1985) added the following two char­ 3 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Huntington District, Water acters which help distinguish nymphs Quality Section, 502 8th Street, Huntington, WV 25701. Perlinella 4 Dep. of Biological Sciences, North Texas State Univ., Denton, from all other Nearctic Perlidae: 1) legs with a TX 76203. ventral and dorsal fringe of long silky hairs, and 0013-8746/87/0019-0027$02.00/0 © 1987 Entomological Society of America 20 ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol. 81, no. 1 5 7 3 4 Fig. 1-4. Perlin ella adult head and pronotum: (1) 6 P. dryrna, (2) P. ephyre, (3) P. ephyre, (4) P. zwicki. 10 Fig. 5-10. Male terminalia, dorsal view: (5) P. dry­ 2) mandibles with 4 teeth, right mandible with rna; (6) P. ephyre; (7) P. zwicki. Male paraproct, lateral view: (8) P. dryrna; (9) P. ephyre; (10) P. zWicki. teeth % subparallel (Fig. 23). Shepard & Stewart (1983) illustrated the gills of the nymphs. Adults are separated from other sympatric per­ 2. Lateral sclerites of aedeagus with a sharp lids by their distinct elongate habitus and in having sclerotized hook (Fig. 12) ............. one or more cross veins between Al and A2 of the ....................... ephyre (Newman) forewings. Adult males are distinguished from oth­ Lateral sclerite of aedeagus without a hook er Nearctic Acroneuriini by the combination of 1) (Fig. 13) .. zWicki Kondratieff et aI., n. sp. paired aedeagal sclerites, 2) large oval hammer on sternum 9, and 3) spinules present on tergum 10. Females Adult females are recognized by the short, bilobed subgenital plate. 1. Three ocelli; subgenital plate with broad me­ Perlinella cinctipes Banks (1905) is a species of dian notch (Fig. 14) .... drymo (Newman) Perlesta (Needham & Claassen 1925; B. Stark, per­ Two ocelli; subgenital plate otherwise (Fig. sonal communication). 15 and 16) ........................... 2 2. Subgenital plate truncately bilobed, usually Keys to Species of Perlinella strongly produced posteriorly, with deep medium notch (Fig. 15); head usually with Males dark pigmentation extending to clypeus 1. A dark triangular spot in front of clypeus and (Fig. 2); distribution widespread east of pronotum with dark median stripe bor­ Rocky Mountains ....... ephyre (Newman) dered by pale areas (Fig. 1); aedeagus as Subgenital plate broadly bilobed, slightly pro­ Fig. 11; 3 ocelli ........ drymo (Newman) duced posteriorly, median notch shallow Head with or without dark triangular spot in (Fig. 16); head with dark pigmentation re­ front of clypeus; pronotum without a dis­ stricted to area between compound eyes, tinct middorsal stripe (Fig. 2), or if with ending near anterior margin of compound stripe, no dark triangular mark in front of eyes, clypeus yellow (Fig. 4); distribution clypeus (Fig. 3); aedeagi as Fig. 12 and 13; southeastern U.S ...................... 2 ocelli .............................. 2 ........... zwicki Kondratiefff et aI., n. sp. 22 ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol. 81, no. 1 a 11 13 Fig. 11-13. Male aedeagus: (11) P. drymo, a, ventral view, b, laterial view; (12) P. ephyre, a, ventral view, b, lateral view; (13) P. zwicki, a, ventral view, b, lateral view. tian Co., Taney Co., Oregon Co.; Mississippi (1 ~, Atoperla consors Banks, 1948: 123. Type locality, 1 ~) Claiborne Co.; New York (2 ~~, 2 N) Deer Kingston, Rhode Island (syn. Ricker, 1963: i.l. River; Ohio (1 ~) Athens Co.; Oklahoma (6 ~~) in Illies, 1966: 32S). Type in MCZ (#27722), Murray Co.; Pennsylvania (1 ~) Northampton Co.; examined. South Carolina (S ~~, 4 ~~, 3 N) Aiken Co.; Barnwell Atoperla ephyre: Illies, 1966: 32S. Co.; Saluda Co.; Texas (2 ~~, 6 ~~, 4 N) McLennon Perlinella ephyre: Zwick, 1971: 319; Zwick, 1973: Co.; Virginia (S ~~, 9 ~~, 2 N) Fairfax Co., Madison 279; Hitchcock, 1974: 164. Co., Smyth Co.; West Virginia (4 ~~) Hampshire Male. Body length 7-11 mm; forewing length Co.; Wisconsin (1 ~) Washburn Co.; District of Co­ 7-10 mm. General color brown to dark brown. lumbia (1 ~). Head with 2 ocelli, occasionally with faint impres­ sion at location of anterior ocellus; dorsum of head with dark pigmentation usually extending to an­ Perlinella ephyre (Newman) terior margin of frons (Fig. 2), but sometimes lim­ Fig. 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, IS, 19, 27 ited to ocellar region (Fig. 3). Prothorax usually Chloroperla ephyre Newman, 1839: 87. Type lo­ without middorsal stripe (Fig. 2), but if no dark cality, Georgia. Holotype female. Type in clypeal coloration, prothorax often with pale mid­ BM(NH), not