Survey of construction systems, type of damages and deterioration processes within the SUDOE territory Survey of construction systems, type of damages and deterioration processes within the SUDOE territory Report of the Project Activity 1.1 (GT.1) Universidade do Minho (UMinho) Portugal Direção Regional da Cultura do Norte (DRCN) Portugal Centro de Computação Gráfica (CCG) Portugal Universidade de Salamanca (USAL) Spain Fundacion Santa Maria La Real (FSMR) Spain Instituto Andaluz del Património Histórico (IAPH) Spain University Clermont Auvergne (UCA) France University of Limoges (ULIM) France Date: 28-02-2017 No. pages: 165 Keywords: survey, construction, assets, damages i Abstract Currently, no systematic policy for the preventive conservation of built cultural heritage exists in the South-West Europe. The actual approaches for inspection, diagnosis, monitoring and curative conservation are intermittent, unplanned, overpriced and lack a methodical strategy. Therefore, the ultimate goal of the HeritageCare project is the creation of a non-profit self- sustaining entity which will keep supervising the accomplishment of the methodology and the sustainability of the results once the project is concluded. The present report belongs to the first Group of Activities of the project and it is focus on the survey of the construction typologies and integrated objects inside the heritage buildings, the main damage mechanisms and the most common deterioration processes for buildings and objects within the SUDOE space. The report starts with a deeply description of the contextualization of the heritage buildings on the SUDOE territory, construction elements (structural, envelope, partitions, finishes installations, etc.), the typical construction systems (assemblage of construction elements), as well as particularities between the three countries (Portugal, Spain and France). The indoor assets (integrated and movable furniture) are also characterized in terms of typologies and materials. Two sections of the report are devoted to the typical damages on the constructions systems (buildings) and the indoor assets (integrated or movable furniture). The damages were organized as biological colonization, discoloration and deposits, material loss, detachments, cracks, deformations and other type damages. The next step of the project activities will be the definition of a methodology for inspection, diagnosis and advice to owners, including a list of requirements necessary to develop the tools for inspection, diagnosis, management, and visualization of Heritage buildings. ii Survey of construction systems, type of damages and deterioration processes within the SUDOE territory Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................... ii 1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 2 Contextualization of the Heritage on the SUDOE territory ................. 3 Background on restauration and preventive conservation ....................................... 3 The recognition of cultural heritage within the SUDOE territory ............................ 5 Organizations involved in heritage conservation within the SUDOE territory ........ 6 Portugal ............................................................................................................ 7 Spain ................................................................................................................ 8 France ............................................................................................................ 10 Survey of heritage constructions ............................................................................. 19 Portugal .......................................................................................................... 22 Spain .............................................................................................................. 38 France ............................................................................................................ 51 3 Building construction systems and materials .................................... 65 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 65 Construction systems components ......................................................................... 65 Structural system ........................................................................................... 66 Building envelope .......................................................................................... 71 Partitions / finishes ....................................................................................... 74 Installations ................................................................................................... 74 Types of construction systems ................................................................................ 76 iii Masonry constructions .................................................................................. 76 Rammed earth constructions ........................................................................ 79 Timber constructions ..................................................................................... 81 Iron constructions .......................................................................................... 83 Particularities of each country ................................................................................ 85 Portugal .......................................................................................................... 85 Spain .............................................................................................................. 97 France ............................................................................................................98 4 Indoor Assets characterization ........................................................ 107 Assets characterization in Portugal ....................................................................... 107 Azulejo (ceramic glazed tile) and Integrated Heritage in ceramic .............. 108 Carved, gilded and polychrome altarpieces (Retábulos em talha dourada e policromada) and all Integrated Heritage in wooden supports ............................ 110 Assets characterization in Spain ........................................................................... 110 Altarpieces .................................................................................................... 111 Paintings ....................................................................................................... 112 Sculptures ..................................................................................................... 113 Fabrics ........................................................................................................... 114 Silversmith´s craft ........................................................................................ 115 Furnishings ................................................................................................... 117 Ceramic ........................................................................................................ 118 Scientific instruments .................................................................................. 118 Weapons ....................................................................................................... 119 Photography .............................................................................................. 119 Printing stamping ........................................................................................ 120 Books ......................................................................................................... 121 Jewelry ...................................................................................................... 121 Movable industrial heritage ..................................................................... 122 Assets characterization in France ......................................................................... 124 iv Survey of construction systems, type of damages and deterioration processes within the SUDOE territory 5 Typical damages of construction systems ........................................ 127 Biological colonization ........................................................................................... 131 Discoloration and Deposit ..................................................................................... 132 Material Loss ......................................................................................................... 135 Detachment ........................................................................................................... 136 Cracks .................................................................................................................... 138 Cracks on masonry elements ....................................................................... 139 Cracks on concrete elements ....................................................................... 139 Deformations ......................................................................................................... 140 Deformations on masonry elements ............................................................. 141 Deformations on wood elements ................................................................. 142 Deformations on concrete elements ...........................................................